<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
  <channel>
    <title>Notes and Useful Info</title>
    <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/</link>
    <description></description>
    <pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 15:08:40 +0000</pubDate>
    <item>
      <title>Apps</title>
      <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/apps?pk_campaign=rss-feed</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[Sections: Academic | Alternatives | Awesome | DevTools |  Followup | Hosted | Network | OCR | PrivApps | Tempted | Useful |&#xA;&#xA;span style=&#34;color:green;font-weight:bold;&#34;Inline CSS test/span&#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;followup&#34;Followup/span&amp;nbsp; a href=&#34;apps&#34;^&#xA;Internet tools incl ip info lookup with maps&#xA;openAI GPT-3 playground | GPT-3 docs |&#xA;Best Online Tools To Know Everything About a Website (labnol) | myip.ms is especially good |&#xA;Web apps that don&#39;t require login&#xA;Find Latitude and Longitude.com&#xA;GoogleCloud Diagram tool&#xA;dataurl.app make a data: URL for a small image&#xA;Hashnode | Hashnode Support  |&#xA;a href=&#34;https://github.com/susam/mathbin&#34;GitHub - susam: Math pastebin with LaTeX and Markdown/a/mark | mark!--more--VisiData/mark | Visidata HN | a href=&#34;https://minwiz.com/&#34;MinWiz - Starter kit for lightweight sites/a |&#xA;Blacklight website privacy inspector | Slate | &#xA;CoCreate whiteboard | Google Jamboard | A Web Whiteboard |  Witeboard; no signup |&#xA;Glow: markdown in the CLI | gron |&#xA;F5bot | Pushshift | Pushshift .ipynb (brave) | Pushshift read this |&#xA;Single-Purpose Online Photo-Editing Apps remove backgrounds, erase objects, colorize, upscale lo-res images, compress, etc&#xA;securenote.io | github project |&#xA;Academic framework for Hugo website, used by Kevin Zhou, Flip Tanedo, etc&#xA;Website monitors: Awesome website-change monitoring | Visualping | changedetection.io | changetower&#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;devtools&#34;DevTools/span&amp;nbsp; a href=&#34;apps&#34;^/a&#xA;Graphics | Converters | LaTeX/MathJax | Markdown | &#xA;\---&#xA;GoogleCloud developer tools&#xA;Glitch | CodePly | Trinket.io | Web Developer Tools | client-side Online Tools | tweet thread on cli tools | CloudConvert | &#xA;CodeSandbox.io | Essential programmer tools | Repl.it |&#xA;Online code compilers for numerous languages&#xA;CodePen | jsbin | jsfiddle | AnyFiddle | phpfiddle | PHP Sandbox | PhpTester | CodePad | Google CodeLabs | Codio  | Codenvy | &#xA;WinPython portable | &#xA;Bleach HTML sanitizing library that escapes or strips markup and attributes. simonw uses it; see this  &#xA;\---&#xA;Unminify js, css, xml, html, json in browser, nothing uploaded | Minify/Beautify JS, CSS, Html | JSON validator/formatter | &#xA;Libraries.io | htmlreference.io | Online tools for developers |&#xA;\---&#xA;clean-mark&#xA;ListDiff compare. text fixer (remove/append etc), csv delimiter, text columnizer, column extractor, other sites&#xA;HTML character entities cheat sheet &amp;lambda; &amp;Beta; &amp;sum;&#xA;Unix Timestamp Converter, UTC time |&#xA;Plaintext project tools |&#xA;Observable, live notebooks like Jupyter but javascript | David Kirkby, UCI, Cosmology notebooks |&#xA;\---&#xA;Public APIs = APIs article = more APIs | &#xA;htaccess snippets on github&#xA;a href=&#34;https://codeberg.org/&#34;Codeberg/a | a href=&#34;https://quickref.dev/&#34;Dev Quickref/a | &#xA;a href=&#34;https://sitechecker.pro/website-safety/&#34;Safe Website Browsing Checker/a, check that site is not malicious or suspicious&#xA;\---&#xA;Generate random passwords | wego maps | &#xA;Hypothes.is web annotation RSS/Atom feed generator&#xA;a href=&#34;https://www.techlegends.in/hide-your-real-email-address/&#34;Hide Email Address; simplelogin.io/a) |&#xA;urlscan.io | website roots | textise | a href=&#34;https://cata-list.github.io/tools&#34;Good Website lists/a | Choose an open source license |&#xA;\---&#xA;Site data-protecting measures | Ace online editor |&#xA;ad hoc http static web servers  | Unshort.link, by Simon Frey |&#xA;a href=&#34;http://deslide.clusterfake.net/&#34;DeSlide/a | Podcast transcript search |&#xA;a href=&#34;https://unhosted.org/apps/&#34;https://unhosted.org/apps//a&#xA;Saved.io | booky.io | DocDroid |&#xA;HtmlStrip tools incl safe online source code view rec by Krebs |&#xA;JustPaste.it | bugmenot |&#xA;Snopyta CyberChef tools &#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;graphics&#34;Graphics:/span&amp;nbsp; TinyPNG, png &amp; jpg image compression | &#xA;Remove image background | &#xA;Google Reverse Image Search | Remove Image Background | Photopea | &#xA;Unsplash | Pixabay | Pexels |&#xA;Image resizer/editor | Squoosh | &#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;converters&#34;Converters:/span&amp;nbsp; Pandoc Online converter | Pandoc Online | Pandoc Extras | &#xA;Convert CSV/Excel to JSON, Html, Sql, etc | ConvertJSON, Lint, Formatter, etc |&#xA;zamzar file converter &#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;latex&#34;LaTeX/MathJax:/span&amp;nbsp; markMathPix, images to LaTeX |/mark | Mathb.in | &#xA;LaTex to image  | LaTex to RTF | LaTex Base | a href=&#34;https://jermity.bitbucket.io/mathjaxdemo.htm&#34;MathJax/a | KaTeX | Lyx | &#xA;https://stackedit.io (import/export .md, .html; sync/publish online, LaTex; convert .md to .html)&#xA;online LaTeX editor; codingGround | 2nd LaTeX coding example |&#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;markdown&#34;Markdown:/span&amp;nbsp; Markdown Tables Generator | R Markdown | PDF to Markdown |&#xA;Medium to Markdown glitch app | Medium to Markdown on github | &#xA;clipboard2markdown | &#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;awesome&#34;Awesome/a&amp;nbsp; a href=&#34;apps&#34;^/a&#xA;Database Lists | Useful Dev Tools | Tagged Self-Hosted List | Search Awesome Lists | Awesome Indexed | Awesome Dev lists on github | Awesome Open Source | Console Services | Self-Hosted | Awesome Self-Hosted | AlternativeTo self-hosted | Security | Javascript | Sysadmin | Sysadmin wiki | PHP | Python | CLI apps | Shell | Awesome List: links | Github Free-4Dev | vscode | for beginners | Cyber Threat Intel and Platforms | Web Archiving | Programming subreddits | All Awesome Lists on GitHub | Awesome Markdown |&#xA;Cellular Hacking | Infosec | Hacking | Security | Social Engineering | Web Security | Probable Password lists | Appy Dev | a href=&#34;https://github.com/croqaz/awesome-markup&#34;awesome-markup: list of markdown-like goodies/a | awesome node.js | Awesome Gitea | &#xA;awesome-privacy&#xA;ReposHub, curated list of awesome github repos&#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;hosted&#34;Hosted/span a href=&#34;apps&#34;^/a&#xA;a href=&#34;https://dev.to/denicmarko/the-ultimate-list-of-places-you-can-host-your-apps-for-free-39l7&#34;Ultimate list of places you can host your apps for free/a | TryHackMe | Hack.me |&#xA;Free-for-Dev (free tiers) | Outline.com | Hypothes.is | Xodo | PDF.io | PDF.to | PDF Candy | &#xA;rentry.co | rentry cli edit github code | ProtectedText | StandardNotes |&#xA;Joplin Tips | Joplin | on github | forum | medium review | JustPaste.me, custom urls | JustPaste.it, custom urls |&#xA;Nitter | nitter github repo | Mozilla Observatory |&#xA;check out these anonymous publishing platforms: text.fyi |  telegra.ph |&#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;network&#34;Network/span&amp;nbsp;  a href=&#34;apps&#34;^/a&#xA;DNSlytics | viewDNS.info (includes reverse ip lookup)&#xA;SSL Checker | SSL Tools | ProxySite.com | network CIDR to/from IPv4 converter | ifconfig.io | PuTTY home page |&#xA;WhoIsMyDNS.com | DNS leak test | filter for DNS articles | WhatsMyDNS |&#xA;IP or hostname lookup&#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;alt&#34;Alternatives/span&amp;nbsp;a href=&#34;apps&#34;^/a&#xA;Ethical Alternatives and Resources | switching software new site | switching.software | Paula&#39;s app recs | privacytools.io  | ThinkPrivacy.ch | PrismBreak | Privacy Stack | Restore Privacy | Privacy Tools | RoseHosting | Panopticlick browser tracking test | open source alternatives | Privacy/security apps/tools |&#xA;Amazon alternatives | gh de-google | de-google-ify, Marko Saric | degooglisons | no-to-chrome | LinuxCafe | &#xA;switching.social | Privacy tracking exposé |&#xA;reddit alternatives &#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;ocr&#34;OCR/span&amp;nbsp; a href=&#34;apps&#34;^/a&#xA;Teedy document management system with OCR; good demo available&#xA;image to text converters, url or upload: OCR.space | SEOtools | &#xA;upload only: NewOCR | a href=&#34;https://www.programmableweb.com/news/top-10-apis-ocr/brief/2019/12/15&#34;Top 10 APIs for OCR/a |&#xA;a href=&#34;http://www.i2ocr.com/&#34;i2OCR/a  (url or file; no registration; a PDF scanner is also available)&#xA;pytesseract&#xA;EasyOCR&#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;academic&#34;Academic/span&amp;nbsp; a href=&#34;apps&#34;^/a&#xA;Benty-fields arxiv | ScreenShot Guru: a href=&#34;https://screenshot.guru/&#34;site/a | a href=&#34;https://twitter.com/ScreenshotGuru&#34;on twitter/a | a href=&#34;https://jdlinks.blogspot.com/search/label/Utilities&#34;jdlinks utils/a |&#xA;arXiv-Vanity, renders paper as web page&#xA;Standard Deviation Calculator | MS MathSolver |&#xA;Fermat&#39;s Lib Margins |&#xA;fxSolver | WolframMathWorld | Integral-Calculator | Integral Calculator | Derivative-Calculator |&#xA;Math/Physics online keyboard |&#xA;MS Academic Search | Google Dataset Search | Figshare | StartPage | Speaker Deck | &#xA;Interactive calculus learning sites&#xA;Standard Deviation &amp; other calculators&#xA;Fidus Writer, online collaborative editor for academics | github repo |&#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;privapps&#34;Privacy Apps/span&amp;nbsp;a href=&#34;apps&#34;^/a&#xA;a href=&#34;https://jermity.bitbucket.io/encryption.htm&#34;Encryption links/a | mintotp 2FA | a href=&#34;http://gauth.apps.gbraad.nl/&#34;gauth app/a | a href=&#34;https://github.com/gbraad/gauth/&#34;gauth github/a | a href=&#34;https://allsync.com/index.php&#34;AllSync/a | a href=&#34;https://cryptpad.fr&#34;CryptPad (uses tweetnacl)/a | a href=&#34;https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad&#34;on GitHub/a | a href=&#34;https://twitter.com/cryptpad&#34;on Twitter/a |&#xA;a href=&#34;https://passlok.com/ursa/&#34;URSA/a | a href=&#34;https://privatebin.net/&#34;PrivateBin/a | PrivacyTools bin | a href=&#34;https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/PrivateBin-Directory&#34;PrivateBin servers/a | &#xA;Searx | a href=&#34;https://github.com/bitwiseshiftleft/sjcl&#34;sjcl on github/a |  Laverna  (encrypted markdown, MathJax, backup; maintained?) |&#xA;privacy-conscious Windows software, online services and resources&#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;tempted&#34;Tempted/span&amp;nbsp; a href=&#34;apps&#34;^/a&#xA;pCloud&#xA;WriteURL&#xA;Console.substack.com weekly open source projects list&#xA;Tailscale - used by simonw | simon&#39;s tailscale articles | compare to ZeroTier | jelse on tailscale |&#xA;Search personal non-commercial sites&#xA;hexo markdown file-based, katex blogging | hexo doc theme |&#xA;zoom.earth&#xA;googler&#xA;Screenshots with APIflash&#xA;WikiMatrix compare | mediawiki  | Grav, rec by kevq |&#xA;1mb.site | Sticky Notes | iDrive | Online article/paper apps |&#xA;NextCloud: OwnDrive | Disroot | oCloud.de | Woelkli | Free instances | Free Providers | &#xA;Hedgedoc (pka CodiMD and its slide mode | snopyta.org | Test Hedgedoc message |&#xA;FMovies | post |&#xA;Ghostwriter, rec by caltlgin, has portable version; not sure if it can can run from cmd line | kevq rec |&#xA;QOwnNotes&#xA;oasis.sandstorm.io | sandstorm docs | How it works | github repo | ycombinator comments |&#xA;flems.io | flems |&#xA;Netscape Bookmarks Parser, by Shaarli developer&#xA;weboas.is&#xA;Keybase.io&#xA;Brow.sh and text.brow.sh&#xA;PGP Signed Web Pages&#xA;Google&#39;s AI AutoDraw app&#xA;Cloudron&#xA;Pixelfed Instance Picker&#xA;emotes.io&#xA;hostux.ninja no-signup disposable email&#xA;Pastery&#xA;Compress Studio, image compression offline in browser&#xA;StandardNotes self-host&#xA;Wikipedia JustRefs | GitHub repo |&#xA;azlux php url shortener&#xA;mynoise.net&#xA;code-server: VS Code running on a remote server, accessible thru the browser&#xA;CombineColors&#xA;Awesome TTRSS&#xA;Phone carrier lookup | SMSgateway.info | &#xA;Chevereto, php self-hosted image app&#xA;&#xA;Fun&#xA;Pinball game | lazyday.tv |&#xA;&#xA;span id=&#34;useful&#34;Useful/span&amp;nbsp; a href=&#34;apps&#34;^/a&#xA;a href=&#34;https://www.labnol.org/internet/101-useful-websites/18078/&#34;bLabnol&#39;s 101 Most Useful Sites/a/b | &#xA;a href=&#34;https://threadreaderapp.com/&#34;ThreadReaderApp/a | a href=&#34;https://twitter.com/threadreaderapp&#34;on twitter/a | alternate Twitter thread reader |&#xA;a href=&#34;https://smallpdf.com/compress-pdf&#34;SmallPDF Compress/a |&#xA;Notion.so, now unlimited free&#xA;&#xA;bNot sure how useful/b &#xA;Archivy | reddit thread |&#xA;Social-Analyzer - API and Web App: analyze &amp; find a person&#39;s profile across 300+ social media websites&#xA;tl;dr pages&#xA;ArchiveBox&#xA;Small Caps Generator | Colors and Fonts |&#xA;WebOas.is | ArchiveBox | &#xA;Wallabag-open alternative to Pocket &#xA;/r/selfhosted |&#xA;ZeroTier&#xA;RemNote&#xA;Wiki.js | wiki.js on github |&#xA;RSS Box&#xA;note.boostio.co&#xA;Kanboard&#xA;fd | ripgrep |&#xA;sandstorm.io apps |   EtherPad | &#xA;Sky weather monitor github | wttr.in | &#xA;F-Droid android FOSS apps&#xA;CyberChef (may do bitcoin mining), on github, github.io | &#xA;&#xA;Hashtags: #apps&#xA;]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Sections:</strong> <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#academic" rel="nofollow">Academic</a> | <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#alt" rel="nofollow">Alternatives</a> | <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#awesome" rel="nofollow">Awesome</a> | <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#devtools" rel="nofollow">DevTools</a> |  <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#followup" rel="nofollow">Followup</a> | <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#hosted" rel="nofollow">Hosted</a> | <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#network" rel="nofollow">Network</a> | <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#ocr" rel="nofollow">OCR</a> | <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#privapps" rel="nofollow">PrivApps</a> | <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#tempted" rel="nofollow">Tempted</a> | <a href="/jwc/notes/apps#useful" rel="nofollow">Useful</a> |</p>

<p><span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">Inline CSS test</span></p>

<p><span id="followup" id="followup"><strong>Followup</strong></span>  <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^
<a href="https://www.infobyip.com/internettools.php" rel="nofollow"><strong>Internet tools incl ip info lookup with maps</strong></a>
<a href="https://beta.openai.com/overview" rel="nofollow">openAI GPT-3 playground</a> | <a href="https://subscription.packtpub.com/book/data/9781800563193/3/ch03lvl1sec13/introducing-the-playground" rel="nofollow">GPT-3 docs</a> |
<a href="https://www.labnol.org/internet/tools/best-online-tools-for-webmasters-know-everything-about-websites/2744/" rel="nofollow"><strong>Best Online Tools To Know Everything About a Website (labnol)</strong></a> | <a href="https://myip.ms" rel="nofollow"><strong>myip.ms is especially good</strong></a> |
<a href="https://github.com/thebaer/awesome-no-login-web-apps" rel="nofollow">Web apps that don&#39;t require login</a>
<a href="https://www.findlatitudeandlongitude.com/" rel="nofollow">Find Latitude and Longitude.com</a>
<a href="https://googlecloudcheatsheet.withgoogle.com/architecture" rel="nofollow">GoogleCloud Diagram tool</a>
<a href="https://dataurl.app/" rel="nofollow">dataurl.app make a data: URL for a small image</a>
<a href="https://hashnode.com/" rel="nofollow">Hashnode</a> | <a href="https://support.hashnode.com/" rel="nofollow">Hashnode Support</a>  |
<a href="https://github.com/susam/mathbin" rel="nofollow">GitHub – susam: Math pastebin with LaTeX and Markdown</a></mark> | <mark><a href="https://www.visidata.org/" rel="nofollow"><strong>VisiData</strong></a></mark> | <a href="https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&amp;page=0&amp;prefix=false&amp;query=visidata&amp;sort=byDate&amp;type=all" rel="nofollow">Visidata HN</a> | <a href="https://minwiz.com/" rel="nofollow">MinWiz – Starter kit for lightweight sites</a> |
<a href="https://themarkup.org/blacklight" rel="nofollow">Blacklight website privacy inspector</a> | <a href="https://slate.host/" rel="nofollow">Slate</a> |
<a href="https://cocreate.csail.mit.edu" rel="nofollow">CoCreate whiteboard</a> | <a href="https://jamboard.google.com/" rel="nofollow">Google Jamboard</a> | <a href="https://awwapp.com/" rel="nofollow">A Web Whiteboard</a> |  <a href="https://witeboard.com/" rel="nofollow">Witeboard; no signup</a> |
<a href="https://old.reddit.com/r/commandline/comments/jb4axl/glow_markdown_reader_for_the_terminal_with/" rel="nofollow">Glow: markdown in the CLI</a> | <a href="https://github.com/tomnomnom/gron" rel="nofollow">gron</a> |
<a href="https://f5bot.com/" rel="nofollow">F5bot</a> | <a href="https://search.pushshift.io/reddit/" rel="nofollow">Pushshift</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1K_w0-du8Dau0PyUJdm8O18grQxOuTSq5" rel="nofollow">Pushshift .ipynb (brave)</a> | <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/pushshift/comments/bcxguf/new_to_pushshift_read_this_faq/" rel="nofollow">Pushshift read this</a> |
<a href="https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/single-purpose-online-photo-editing-apps/" rel="nofollow">Single-Purpose Online Photo-Editing Apps</a> remove backgrounds, erase objects, colorize, upscale lo-res images, compress, etc
<a href="https://securenote.io/" rel="nofollow">securenote.io</a> | <a href="https://github.com/blunext/obliviate" rel="nofollow">github project</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/knzhou/academic-kickstart" rel="nofollow">Academic framework for Hugo website</a>, used by Kevin Zhou, Flip Tanedo, etc
Website monitors: <a href="https://github.com/dgtlmoon/awesome-website-change-monitoring" rel="nofollow">Awesome website-change monitoring</a> | <a href="https://visualping.io/" rel="nofollow">Visualping</a> | <a href="https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io" rel="nofollow">changedetection.io</a> | <a href="https://changetower.com/" rel="nofollow">changetower</a></p>

<p><span id="devtools" id="devtools"><strong>DevTools</strong></span>  <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^</a>
<a href="#graphics" rel="nofollow">Graphics</a> | <a href="#converters" rel="nofollow">Converters</a> | <a href="#latex" rel="nofollow">LaTeX/MathJax</a> | <a href="#markdown" rel="nofollow">Markdown</a> |
-—
<a href="https://googlecloudcheatsheet.withgoogle.com/" rel="nofollow">GoogleCloud developer tools</a>
<a href="https://glitch.com" rel="nofollow">Glitch</a> | <a href="https://www.codeply.com/" rel="nofollow">CodePly</a> | <a href="https://trinket.io/" rel="nofollow">Trinket.io</a> | <a href="https://www.browserling.com/tools" rel="nofollow">Web Developer Tools</a> | <a href="https://onlinejsontools.com/" rel="nofollow">client-side Online Tools</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/amilajack/status/1479328649820000256" rel="nofollow">tweet thread on cli tools</a> | <a href="https://cloudconvert.com/" rel="nofollow">CloudConvert</a> |
<a href="https://codesandbox.io/" rel="nofollow">CodeSandbox.io</a> | <a href="https://www.labnol.org/internet/useful-tools-for-programmers/29227/" rel="nofollow">Essential programmer tools</a> | <a href="https://repl.it" rel="nofollow">Repl.it</a> |
<a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/codingground.htm" rel="nofollow"><strong>Online code compilers for numerous languages</strong></a>
<a href="https://codepen.io/" rel="nofollow">CodePen</a> | <a href="https://jsbin.com/?html,output" rel="nofollow">jsbin</a> | <a href="https://jsfiddle.net/" rel="nofollow">jsfiddle</a> | <a href="https://www.anyfiddle.com/" rel="nofollow">AnyFiddle</a> | <a href="http://phpfiddle.org/" rel="nofollow">phpfiddle</a> | <a href="https://sandbox.onlinephpfunctions.com/code/76dab69f60af4de53c01efb37213b78d024b23d8" rel="nofollow">PHP Sandbox</a> | <a href="http://phptester.net/" rel="nofollow">PhpTester</a> | <a href="http://codepad.org/" rel="nofollow">CodePad</a> | <a href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/" rel="nofollow">Google CodeLabs</a> | <a href="https://codio.com/" rel="nofollow">Codio</a>  | <a href="https://codenvy.com" rel="nofollow">Codenvy</a> |
<a href="http://winpython.github.io/" rel="nofollow">WinPython portable</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/mozilla/bleach" rel="nofollow">Bleach</a> HTML sanitizing library that escapes or strips markup and attributes. simonw uses it; see <a href="https://github.com/simonw/django-sql-dashboard/blob/main/setup.py" rel="nofollow">this</a><br/>
-—
<a href="https://unminify.com/" rel="nofollow">Unminify js, css, xml, html, json in browser, nothing uploaded</a> | <a href="http://minifycode.com/javascript-beautifier/" rel="nofollow">Minify/Beautify JS, CSS, Html</a> | <a href="https://jsonformatter.curiousconcept.com/" rel="nofollow">JSON validator/formatter</a> |
<a href="https://libraries.io/" rel="nofollow">Libraries.io</a> | <a href="https://htmlreference.io/" rel="nofollow">htmlreference.io</a> | <a href="https://www.freeformatter.com/" rel="nofollow">Online tools for developers</a> |
-—
<a href="https://github.com/croqaz/clean-mark" rel="nofollow">clean-mark</a>
<a href="http://www.listdiff.com/" rel="nofollow"><strong>ListDiff</strong></a> compare. text fixer (remove/append etc), csv delimiter, text columnizer, column extractor, other sites
<a href="http://code.iamkate.com/html-and-css/character-entity-references-cheat-sheet/" rel="nofollow">HTML character entities cheat sheet</a> λ Β ∑
<a href="https://www.unixtimestamp.com" rel="nofollow">Unix Timestamp Converter, UTC time</a> |
<a href="https://plaintextproject.online/tools.html" rel="nofollow">Plaintext project tools</a> |
<a href="https://beta.observablehq.com/collection/@observablehq/introduction" rel="nofollow">Observable, live notebooks like Jupyter but javascript</a> | <a href="https://observablehq.com/@dkirkby" rel="nofollow">David Kirkby, UCI, Cosmology notebooks</a> |
-—
<a href="https://public-apis.io/" rel="nofollow">Public APIs</a> &lt;=&gt; <a href="https://dev.to/mddanishyusuf/find-public-apis-on-the-internet-1o8n" rel="nofollow">APIs article</a> &lt;=&gt; <a href="https://blog.public-apis.xyz/" rel="nofollow">more APIs</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/phanan/htaccess/blob/master/README.md" rel="nofollow"><strong>htaccess snippets</strong> on github</a>
<a href="https://codeberg.org/" rel="nofollow">Codeberg</a> | <a href="https://quickref.dev/" rel="nofollow">Dev Quickref</a> |
<a href="https://sitechecker.pro/website-safety/" rel="nofollow">Safe Website Browsing Checker</a>, check that site is not malicious or suspicious
-—
<a href="https://catonmat.net/tools/generate-random-passwords" rel="nofollow">Generate random passwords</a> | <a href="https://wego.here.com/?map=37.87601,-122.07377,13,normal&amp;x=ep" rel="nofollow">wego maps</a> |
<a href="https://diegodlh.github.io/hfeed/" rel="nofollow"><strong>Hypothes.is web annotation RSS/Atom feed generator</strong></a>
<a href="https://www.techlegends.in/hide-your-real-email-address/" rel="nofollow"><strong>Hide Email Address; simplelogin.io</strong></a>) |
<a href="https://urlscan.io/" rel="nofollow">urlscan.io</a> | <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/privacy/comments/ex46q1/i_built_a_tool_that_lets_you_see_which_servers/" rel="nofollow">website roots</a> | <a href="https://www.textise.net/" rel="nofollow">textise</a> | <a href="https://cata-list.github.io/tools" rel="nofollow">Good Website lists</a> | <a href="https://choosealicense.com" rel="nofollow">Choose an open source license</a> |
-—
<a href="https://webbkoll.dataskydd.net/en" rel="nofollow">Site data-protecting measures</a> | <a href="https://ace.c9.io/" rel="nofollow">Ace online editor</a> |
<a href="https://gist.github.com/willurd/5720255" rel="nofollow">ad hoc http static web servers </a> | <a href="https://unshort.link" rel="nofollow">Unshort.link, by Simon Frey</a> |
<a href="http://deslide.clusterfake.net/" rel="nofollow">DeSlide</a> | <a href="https://fluiddata.com/" rel="nofollow">Podcast transcript search</a> |
<a href="https://unhosted.org/apps/" rel="nofollow">https://unhosted.org/apps/</a>
<a href="https://saved.io" rel="nofollow">Saved.io</a> | <a href="https://booky.io" rel="nofollow">booky.io</a> | <a href="https://www.docdroid.net/" rel="nofollow">DocDroid</a> |
<a href="https://htmlstrip.com/html-source-code-viewer" rel="nofollow">HtmlStrip tools incl safe online source code view rec by Krebs</a> |
<a href="https://justpaste.it/" rel="nofollow">JustPaste.it</a> | <a href="https://justpaste.it/" rel="nofollow">bugmenot</a> |
<a href="https://toolbox.snopyta.org" rel="nofollow">Snopyta CyberChef tools</a></p>

<p><span id="graphics" id="graphics">Graphics:</span>  <a href="https://tinypng.com/" rel="nofollow">TinyPNG, png &amp; jpg image compression</a> |
<a href="https://www.remove.bg/" rel="nofollow"><strong>Remove image background</strong></a> |
<a href="https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/1325808?hl=en" rel="nofollow">Google Reverse Image Search</a> | <a href="https://www.remove.bg/" rel="nofollow">Remove Image Background</a> | <a href="https://www.photopea.com/" rel="nofollow">Photopea</a> |
<a href="https://unsplash.com" rel="nofollow">Unsplash</a> | <a href="https://pixabay.com/" rel="nofollow">Pixabay</a> | <a href="https://www.pexels.com/" rel="nofollow">Pexels</a> |
<a href="https://resizemyimg.com" rel="nofollow">Image resizer/editor</a> | <a href="https://squoosh.app" rel="nofollow">Squoosh</a> |</p>

<p><span id="converters" id="converters">Converters:</span>  <strong><a href="https://foliovision.com/seo-tools/pandoc-online" rel="nofollow">Pandoc Online converter</a></strong> | <a href="http://pandoc.org/try/" rel="nofollow">Pandoc Online</a> | <a href="https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/wiki/Pandoc-Extras#web-services-to-process-files-by-pandoc" rel="nofollow">Pandoc Extras</a> |
<a href="http://convertcsv.com/" rel="nofollow">Convert CSV/Excel to JSON, Html, Sql, etc</a> | <a href="http://convertjson.com/" rel="nofollow">ConvertJSON, Lint, Formatter, etc</a> |
<a href="http://www.zamzar.com/" rel="nofollow">zamzar file converter</a></p>

<p><span id="latex" id="latex">LaTeX/MathJax:</span>  <mark><a href="https://mathpix.com" rel="nofollow">MathPix, images to LaTeX</a> |</mark> | <a href="http://mathb.in" rel="nofollow">Mathb.in</a> |
<a href="http://www.sciweavers.org/free-online-latex-equation-editor" rel="nofollow">LaTex to image </a> | <a href="http://www.sciweavers.org/convert-latex-to-rtf" rel="nofollow">LaTex to RTF</a> | <a href="https://latexbase.com" rel="nofollow">LaTex Base</a> | <a href="https://jermity.bitbucket.io/mathjax_demo.htm" rel="nofollow">MathJax</a> | <a href="https://katex.org/" rel="nofollow">KaTeX</a> | <a href="https://www.lyx.org/" rel="nofollow">Lyx</a> |
<a href="https://stackedit.io" rel="nofollow">https://stackedit.io</a> (import/export .md, .html; sync/publish online, LaTex; convert .md to .html)
<a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/online_latex_editor.php" rel="nofollow">online LaTeX editor; codingGround</a> | <a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/online_tex_editor.php" rel="nofollow">2nd LaTeX coding example</a> |</p>

<p><span id="markdown" id="markdown">Markdown:</span>  <a href="https://www.tablesgenerator.com/markdown_tables" rel="nofollow">Markdown Tables Generator</a> | <a href="https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/" rel="nofollow">R Markdown</a> | <a href="https://pdf2md.morethan.io" rel="nofollow"><strong>PDF to Markdown</strong></a> |
<a href="https://medium-to-writeas.glitch.me/" rel="nofollow">Medium to Markdown glitch app</a> | <a href="https://github.com/ericclemmons/medium-to-markdown" rel="nofollow">Medium to Markdown on github</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/euangoddard/clipboard2markdown" rel="nofollow">clipboard2markdown</a> |</p>

<p><span id="awesome" id="awesome"><strong>Awesome</strong></a>  <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^</a>
<a href="https://github.com/agarcialeon/awesome-database" rel="nofollow">Database Lists</a> | <a href="https://trolologuy.github.io/useful-tools/" rel="nofollow">Useful Dev Tools</a> | <a href="https://leviwheatcroft.github.io/selfhosted-awesome-unlist/" rel="nofollow">Tagged Self-Hosted List</a> | <a href="https://awesomelists.top/" rel="nofollow"><strong>Search Awesome Lists</strong></a> | <a href="https://awesome-indexed.mathew-davies.co.uk/?search=markdown" rel="nofollow">Awesome Indexed</a> | <a href="https://getawesomeness.herokuapp.com/" rel="nofollow">Awesome Dev lists on github</a> | <a href="https://awesomeopensource.com/" rel="nofollow">Awesome Open Source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/chubin/awesome-console-services" rel="nofollow">Console Services</a> | <a href="https://github.com/awesome-selfhosted/awesome-selfhosted" rel="nofollow">Self-Hosted</a> | <strong><a href="https://github.com/Kickball/awesome-selfhosted#readme" rel="nofollow">Awesome Self-Hosted</a></strong> | <a href="https://alternativeto.net/platform/self-hosted/" rel="nofollow">AlternativeTo self-hosted</a> | <a href="https://github.com/sbilly/awesome-security" rel="nofollow">Security</a> | <a href="https://github.com/uhub/awesome-javascript" rel="nofollow">Javascript</a> | <a href="https://github.com/n1trux/awesome-sysadmin" rel="nofollow">Sysadmin</a> | <a href="https://awesome.tilde.fun/t/sysadmin" rel="nofollow">Sysadmin wiki</a> | <a href="https://github.com/ziadoz/awesome-php" rel="nofollow">PHP</a> | <a href="https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python" rel="nofollow">Python</a> | <a href="https://github.com/agarrharr/awesome-cli-apps" rel="nofollow">CLI apps</a> | <a href="https://github.com/alebcay/awesome-shell" rel="nofollow">Shell</a> | <a href="https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome" rel="nofollow"><strong>Awesome List: links</strong></a> | <a href="https://github.com/ripienaar/free-for-dev" rel="nofollow">Github Free-4Dev</a> | <a href="https://viatsko.github.io/awesome-vscode/" rel="nofollow">vscode</a> | <a href="https://github.com/oscarmorrison/awesome-for-beginners" rel="nofollow">for beginners</a> | <a href="https://github.com/hslatman/awesome-threat-intelligence#frameworks-and-platforms" rel="nofollow">Cyber Threat Intel and Platforms</a> | <a href="https://github.com/pirate/ArchiveBox/wiki/Web-Archiving-Community" rel="nofollow">Web Archiving</a> | <a href="https://github.com/iCHAIT/awesome-subreddits" rel="nofollow">Programming subreddits</a> | <a href="https://github.com/topics/awesome-list" rel="nofollow">All Awesome Lists on GitHub</a> | <a href="https://project-awesome.org/BubuAnabelas/awesome-markdown" rel="nofollow">Awesome Markdown</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/W00t3k/Awesome-Cellular-Hacking" rel="nofollow">Cellular Hacking</a> | <a href="https://github.com/onlurking/awesome-infosec" rel="nofollow">Infosec</a> | <a href="https://github.com/Hack-with-Github/Awesome-Hacking" rel="nofollow">Hacking</a> | <a href="https://github.com/sbilly/awesome-security" rel="nofollow">Security</a> | <a href="https://github.com/v2-dev/awesome-social-engineering" rel="nofollow">Social Engineering</a> | <a href="https://github.com/qazbnm456/awesome-web-security" rel="nofollow">Web Security</a> | <a href="https://github.com/berzerk0/Probable-Wordlists" rel="nofollow">Probable Password lists</a> | <a href="https://appy-dev.netlify.app/" rel="nofollow">Appy Dev</a> | <a href="https://github.com/croqaz/awesome-markup" rel="nofollow">awesome-markup: list of markdown-like goodies</a> | <a href="https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome-nodejs" rel="nofollow">awesome node.js</a> | <a href="https://gitea.com/gitea/awesome-gitea" rel="nofollow">Awesome Gitea</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/pluja/awesome-privacy" rel="nofollow">awesome-privacy</a>
<a href="https://reposhub.com" rel="nofollow">ReposHub, curated list of awesome github repos</a></p>

<p><span id="hosted" id="hosted"><strong>Hosted</strong></span> <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^</a>
<a href="https://dev.to/denicmarko/the-ultimate-list-of-places-you-can-host-your-apps-for-free-39l7" rel="nofollow"><strong>Ultimate list of places you can host your apps for free</strong></a> | <a href="https://tryhackme.com/" rel="nofollow">TryHackMe</a> | <a href="https://hack.me/" rel="nofollow">Hack.me</a> |
<a href="https://free-for.dev/#/" rel="nofollow"><strong>Free-for-Dev (free tiers)</strong></a> | <a href="https://outline.com/" rel="nofollow">Outline.com</a> | <a href="https://hypothes.is" rel="nofollow">Hypothes.is</a> | <a href="https://www.xodo.com/app/" rel="nofollow">Xodo</a> | <a href="https://pdf.io/" rel="nofollow">PDF.io</a> | <a href="https://pdf.to/" rel="nofollow">PDF.to</a> | <a href="https://pdfcandy.com/" rel="nofollow">PDF Candy</a> |
<a href="https://rentry.co" rel="nofollow">rentry.co</a> | <a href="https://github.com/radude/rentry" rel="nofollow">rentry cli edit github code</a> | <a href="https://www.protectedtext.com" rel="nofollow">ProtectedText</a> | <a href="https://apps.standardnotes.com" rel="nofollow">StandardNotes</a> |
<a href="https://rentry.co/joplintips" rel="nofollow">Joplin Tips</a> | <a href="https://joplin.cozic.net/" rel="nofollow">Joplin</a> | <a href="https://github.com/laurent22/joplin" rel="nofollow">on github</a> | <a href="https://discourse.joplin.cozic.net/" rel="nofollow">forum</a> | <a href="https://medium.com/@WriterLionel/safer-note-taking-tools-for-family-use-85780aaeb4c1" rel="nofollow">medium review</a> | <a href="https://justpaste.me/" rel="nofollow">JustPaste.me, custom urls</a> | <a href="https://justpaste.it/" rel="nofollow">JustPaste.it, custom urls</a> |
<a href="https://nitter.nixnet.xyz" rel="nofollow">Nitter</a> | <a href="https://github.com/zedeus/nitter" rel="nofollow">nitter github repo</a> | <a href="https://observatory.mozilla.org/" rel="nofollow">Mozilla Observatory</a> |
check out these anonymous publishing platforms: <a href="https://txt.fyi/" rel="nofollow">text.fyi</a> |  <a href="https://telegra.ph/" rel="nofollow">telegra.ph</a> |</p>

<p><span id="network" id="network"><strong>Network</strong></span>   <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^</a>
<a href="https://dnslytics.com/" rel="nofollow">DNSlytics</a> | <a href="https://viewdns.info/" rel="nofollow">viewDNS.info</a> (includes reverse ip lookup)
<a href="https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-checker.html" rel="nofollow"><strong>SSL Checker</strong></a> | <a href="https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-certificate-tools.html" rel="nofollow"><strong>SSL Tools</strong></a> | <a href="https://us7.www.proxysite.com" rel="nofollow">ProxySite.com</a> | <a href="https://www.ipaddressguide.com/cidr" rel="nofollow"><strong>network CIDR to/from IPv4 converter</strong></a> | <a href="https://ifconfig.io" rel="nofollow">ifconfig.io</a> | <a href="https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/" rel="nofollow">PuTTY home page</a> |
<a href="https://www.whoismydns.com/" rel="nofollow">WhoIsMyDNS.com</a> | <a href="http://dnsleak.com/" rel="nofollow">DNS leak test</a> | <a href="https://18941969.xyz/tips/cloudtips.html" rel="nofollow">filter for DNS articles</a> | <a href="https://www.whatsmydns.net" rel="nofollow">WhatsMyDNS</a> |
<a href="https://tools.keycdn.com/geo?host=snopyta.org" rel="nofollow">IP or hostname lookup</a></p>

<p><span id="alt" id="alt"><strong>Alternatives</strong></span> <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^</a>
<a href="https://ethical.net/resources/" rel="nofollow">Ethical Alternatives and Resources</a> | <a href="https://pages.codeberg.org/swiso-en/index.html" rel="nofollow">switching software new site</a> | <a href="https://switching.software/" rel="nofollow">switching.software</a> | <a href="https://write.privacytools.io/paulakreuzer/how-to-live-without-google-and-other-evil-tech-giants" rel="nofollow">Paula&#39;s app recs</a> | <a href="https://www.privacytools.io/" rel="nofollow">privacytools.io</a>  | <a href="https://thinkprivacy.ch/" rel="nofollow">ThinkPrivacy.ch</a> | <a href="https://prism-break.org/en/categories/windows/" rel="nofollow">PrismBreak</a> | <a href="https://njoseph.me/mediawiki/Privacy_Stack" rel="nofollow">Privacy Stack</a> | <a href="https://restoreprivacy.com/google-alternatives/" rel="nofollow">Restore Privacy</a> | <a href="https://restoreprivacy.com/privacy-tools/" rel="nofollow">Privacy Tools</a> | <a href="https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/self-hosted-alternatives/" rel="nofollow">RoseHosting</a> | <a href="https://panopticlick.eff.org/" rel="nofollow">Panopticlick browser tracking test</a> | <a href="https://opensource.builders/" rel="nofollow">open source alternatives</a> | <a href="https://github.com/Lissy93/personal-security-checklist/blob/master/5_Privacy_Respecting_Software.md" rel="nofollow">Privacy/security apps/tools</a> |
<a href="https://threshold.us/c/cancelprime/amazon-alternatives" rel="nofollow">Amazon alternatives</a> | <a href="https://github.com/tycrek/degoogle" rel="nofollow">gh de-google</a> | <a href="https://markosaric.com/degoogleify/" rel="nofollow">de-google-ify, Marko Saric</a> | <a href="https://degooglisons-internet.org/en/" rel="nofollow">degooglisons</a> | <a href="https://notochrome.org/find-a-new-browser/" rel="nofollow">no-to-chrome</a> | <a href="https://codeberg.org/LinuxCafeFederation/awesome-alternatives" rel="nofollow">LinuxCafe</a> |
<a href="https://switching.social/" rel="nofollow">switching.social</a> | <a href="https://privacyinternational.org/long-read/2433/i-asked-online-tracking-company-all-my-data-and-heres-what-i-found" rel="nofollow">Privacy tracking exposé</a> |
<a href="https://old.reddit.com/r/UsefulWebsites/comments/9nab3w/alternative_to_reddit/" rel="nofollow">reddit alternatives</a></p>

<p><span id="ocr" id="ocr"><strong>OCR</strong></span>  <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^</a>
<a href="https://github.com/sismics/docs" rel="nofollow">Teedy document management system with OCR; good demo available</a>
image to text converters, url or upload: <a href="https://ocr.space/" rel="nofollow">OCR.space</a> | <a href="https://smallseotools.com/image-to-text-converter/" rel="nofollow">SEOtools</a> |
upload only: <a href="https://www.newocr.com/" rel="nofollow">NewOCR</a> | <a href="https://www.programmableweb.com/news/top-10-apis-ocr/brief/2019/12/15" rel="nofollow">Top 10 APIs for OCR</a> |
<a href="http://www.i2ocr.com/" rel="nofollow">i2OCR</a>  (url or file; no registration; a PDF scanner is also available)
<a href="https://twitter.com/marlene_zw/status/1517508765721018369" rel="nofollow">pytesseract</a>
<a href="https://www.jaided.ai/easyocr/" rel="nofollow">EasyOCR</a></p>

<p><span id="academic" id="academic"><strong>Academic</strong></span>  <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^</a>
<a href="https://benty-fields.com/daily_arXiv" rel="nofollow">Benty-fields arxiv</a> | ScreenShot Guru: <a href="https://screenshot.guru/" rel="nofollow">site</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/ScreenshotGuru" rel="nofollow">on twitter</a> | <a href="https://jdlinks.blogspot.com/search/label/Utilities" rel="nofollow">jdlinks utils</a> |
<a href="https://www.arxiv-vanity.com" rel="nofollow">arXiv-Vanity, renders paper as web page</a>
<a href="https://standarddeviationcalc.com/" rel="nofollow"><strong>Standard Deviation Calculator</strong></a> | <a href="https://mathsolver.microsoft.com/en" rel="nofollow"><strong>MS MathSolver</strong></a> |
<a href="https://fermatslibrary.com/margins" rel="nofollow">Fermat&#39;s Lib Margins</a> |
<a href="https://www.fxsolver.com/browse/?cat=3&amp;formulas=on&amp;privateformulas=on&amp;p=-1" rel="nofollow">fxSolver</a> | <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/" rel="nofollow">WolframMathWorld</a> | <a href="https://www.integral-calculator.com/" rel="nofollow">Integral-Calculator</a> | <a href="https://www.numberempire.com/definiteintegralcalculator.php" rel="nofollow">Integral Calculator</a> | <a href="https://www.derivative-calculator.net/" rel="nofollow">Derivative-Calculator</a> |
<a href="http://usefulwebtool.com/en/math-keyboard.php" rel="nofollow">Math/Physics online keyboard</a> |
<a href="https://academic.microsoft.com" rel="nofollow">MS Academic Search</a> | <a href="https://toolbox.google.com/datasetsearch" rel="nofollow">Google Dataset Search</a> | <a href="https://figshare.com/" rel="nofollow">Figshare</a> | <a href="https://eu.startpage.com/" rel="nofollow">StartPage</a> | <a href="https://speakerdeck.com/" rel="nofollow">Speaker Deck</a> |
<a href="https://twitter.com/KelseyAHE/status/1278337815491706880" rel="nofollow">Interactive calculus learning sites</a>
<a href="https://calculatorstandarddeviation.com/" rel="nofollow">Standard Deviation &amp; other calculators</a>
<a href="https://www.fiduswriter.org/" rel="nofollow">Fidus Writer</a>, online collaborative editor for academics | <a href="https://github.com/fiduswriter/fiduswriter" rel="nofollow">github repo</a> |</p>

<p><span id="privapps" id="privapps"><strong>Privacy Apps</strong></span> <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^</a>
<a href="https://jermity.bitbucket.io/encryption.htm" rel="nofollow">Encryption links</a> | <a href="https://github.com/susam/mintotp" rel="nofollow">mintotp 2FA</a> | <a href="http://gauth.apps.gbraad.nl/" rel="nofollow">gauth app</a> | <a href="https://github.com/gbraad/gauth/" rel="nofollow">gauth github</a> | <a href="https://allsync.com/index.php" rel="nofollow">AllSync</a> | <a href="https://cryptpad.fr" rel="nofollow">CryptPad (uses tweetnacl)</a> | <a href="https://github.com/xwiki-labs/cryptpad" rel="nofollow">on GitHub</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/cryptpad" rel="nofollow">on Twitter</a> |
<a href="https://passlok.com/ursa/" rel="nofollow">URSA</a> | <a href="https://privatebin.net/" rel="nofollow">PrivateBin</a> | <a href="https://bin.privacytools.io" rel="nofollow">PrivacyTools bin</a> | <a href="https://github.com/PrivateBin/PrivateBin/wiki/PrivateBin-Directory" rel="nofollow">PrivateBin servers</a> |
<a href="https://search.privacytools.io/" rel="nofollow">Searx</a> | <a href="https://github.com/bitwiseshiftleft/sjcl" rel="nofollow">sjcl on github</a> |  <a href="https://laverna.cc" rel="nofollow">Laverna</a>  (encrypted markdown, MathJax, backup; maintained?) |
<a href="https://github.com/auctors/free-lunch" rel="nofollow">privacy-conscious Windows software, online services and resources</a></p>

<p><span id="tempted" id="tempted"><strong>Tempted</strong></span>  <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^</a>
<a href="https://www.pcloud.com/help/general-help-center/do-you-support-ftp" rel="nofollow"><strong>pCloud</strong></a>
<a href="https://www.writeurl.com/" rel="nofollow"><strong>WriteURL</strong></a>
<a href="https://console.substack.com/" rel="nofollow">Console.substack.com weekly open source projects list</a>
<a href="https://tailscale.com/" rel="nofollow">Tailscale – used by simonw</a> | <a href="https://simonwillison.net/search/?q=tailscale" rel="nofollow">simon&#39;s tailscale articles</a> | compare to <a href="https://www.zerotier.com/" rel="nofollow">ZeroTier</a> | <a href="https://jlelse.blog/thoughts/2021/08/tailscale" rel="nofollow">jelse on tailscale</a> |
<a href="https://searchmysite.net/" rel="nofollow">Search personal non-commercial sites</a>
<a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="nofollow">hexo markdown file-based, katex blogging</a> | <a href="https://zalando-incubator.github.io/hexo-theme-doc/" rel="nofollow">hexo doc theme</a> |
<a href="https://zoom.earth" rel="nofollow">zoom.earth</a>
<strong><a href="https://github.com/jarun/googler" rel="nofollow">googler</a></strong>
Screenshots with <a href="https://apiflash.com/" rel="nofollow">APIflash</a>
<a href="https://www.wikimatrix.org/wizard" rel="nofollow"><strong>WikiMatrix compare</strong></a> | <a href="https://meta.miraheze.org/wiki/Miraheze" rel="nofollow">mediawiki</a>  | <a href="https://kevq.uk/migrating-from-wordpress-to-grav" rel="nofollow">Grav, rec by kevq</a> |
<a href="https://1mb.site/" rel="nofollow">1mb.site</a> | <a href="https://sanderjonk01.1mb.site/" rel="nofollow">Sticky Notes</a> | <a href="https://www.idrive.com/" rel="nofollow">iDrive</a> | <a href="https://fediverse.blog/~/DataEvidenceThoughts/list-of-some-useful-free-online-apps-to-write-your-journal-article-or-paper" rel="nofollow">Online article/paper apps</a> |
NextCloud: <a href="https://owndrive.com/" rel="nofollow">OwnDrive</a> | <a href="https://disroot.org/en/services/nextcloud" rel="nofollow">Disroot</a> | <a href="https://ocloud.de/product/nextcloud.html" rel="nofollow">oCloud.de</a> | <a href="https://woelkli.com/en" rel="nofollow">Woelkli</a> | <a href="https://nextcloud.com/signup/" rel="nofollow">Free instances</a> | <a href="https://nextcloud.com/providers/" rel="nofollow">Free Providers</a> |
<a href="https://demo.hedgedoc.org/features#Slide-Mode" rel="nofollow">Hedgedoc (pka CodiMD and its slide mode</a> | <a href="https://snopyta.org" rel="nofollow">snopyta.org</a> | <a href="https://pad.snopyta.org/uIzYzcu0Tw-nTbbpwNwbWw?both" rel="nofollow">Test Hedgedoc message</a> |
<a href="https://fmovies.network/" rel="nofollow">FMovies</a> | <a href="https://write.snopyta.org/22wftn8r9w" rel="nofollow">post</a> |
<a href="https://wereturtle.github.io/ghostwriter/" rel="nofollow">Ghostwriter, rec by caltlgin, has portable version; not sure if it can can run from cmd line</a> | <a href="https://kevq.uk/migrating-from-wordpress-to-grav" rel="nofollow">kevq rec</a> |
<a href="https://www.qownnotes.org/" rel="nofollow">QOwnNotes</a>
<a href="https://oasis.sandstorm.io/about" rel="nofollow">oasis.sandstorm.io</a> | <a href="https://docs.sandstorm.io/en/latest/" rel="nofollow">sandstorm docs</a> | <a href="https://sandstorm.io/how-it-works" rel="nofollow">How it works</a> | <a href="https://github.com/sandstorm-io/sandstorm/" rel="nofollow">github repo</a> | <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12104361" rel="nofollow">ycombinator comments</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/porsager/flems.io" rel="nofollow">flems.io</a> | <a href="https://github.com/porsager/flems" rel="nofollow">flems</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/shaarli/netscape-bookmark-parser" rel="nofollow">Netscape Bookmarks Parser, by Shaarli developer</a>
<a href="https://weboas.is/" rel="nofollow">weboas.is</a>
<a href="https://keybase.io" rel="nofollow">Keybase.io</a>
<a href="https://www.brow.sh/" rel="nofollow">Brow.sh and text.brow.sh</a>
<a href="https://github.com/tasn/webext-signed-pages" rel="nofollow">PGP Signed Web Pages</a>
<a href="https://autodraw.com/" rel="nofollow">Google&#39;s AI AutoDraw app</a>
<a href="https://cloudron.io/documentation/installation/" rel="nofollow">Cloudron</a>
<a href="https://beta.joinpixelfed.org/" rel="nofollow">Pixelfed Instance Picker</a>
<a href="https://emotes.io" rel="nofollow">emotes.io</a>
<a href="https://hostux.ninja/" rel="nofollow">hostux.ninja no-signup disposable email</a>
<a href="https://www.pastery.net/" rel="nofollow">Pastery</a>
<a href="https://compress.studio/" rel="nofollow">Compress Studio, image compression offline in browser</a>
<a href="https://standardnotes.org/help/47/can-i-self-host-standard-notes" rel="nofollow">StandardNotes self-host</a>
<strong><a href="https://getitdaily.com/justrefs/" rel="nofollow">Wikipedia JustRefs</a> | <a href="https://github.com/attogram/justrefs" rel="nofollow">GitHub repo</a></strong> |
<a href="https://github.com/azlux/Simple-URL-Shortener" rel="nofollow">azlux php url shortener</a>
<a href="https://mynoise.net" rel="nofollow">mynoise.net</a>
<a href="https://github.com/cdr/code-server" rel="nofollow">code-server: VS Code running on a remote server, accessible thru the browser</a>
<a href="https://combinecolors.com/" rel="nofollow">CombineColors</a>
<a href="https://ttrss.henry.wang/" rel="nofollow">Awesome TTRSS</a>
<a href="https://freecarrierlookup.com/" rel="nofollow">Phone carrier lookup</a> | <a href="https://freesmsgateway.info/" rel="nofollow">SMSgateway.info</a> |
<a href="https://chevereto.com/get-started" rel="nofollow">Chevereto, php self-hosted image app</a></p>

<p><strong>Fun</strong>
<a href="https://lonekorean.github.io/javascript-physics/demos/pinball/index.html" rel="nofollow">Pinball game</a> | <a href="https://lazyday.tv/" rel="nofollow">lazyday.tv</a> |</p>

<p><span id="useful" id="useful"><strong>Useful</strong></span>  <a href="apps" rel="nofollow">^</a>
<a href="https://www.labnol.org/internet/101-useful-websites/18078/" rel="nofollow"><b>Labnol&#39;s 101 Most Useful Sites</a></b> |
<a href="https://threadreaderapp.com/" rel="nofollow">ThreadReaderApp</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/threadreaderapp" rel="nofollow">on twitter</a> | <a href="https://mythreadreader.com/" rel="nofollow">alternate Twitter thread reader</a> |
<a href="https://smallpdf.com/compress-pdf" rel="nofollow">SmallPDF Compress</a> |
<a href="https://www.notion.so/" rel="nofollow">Notion.so, now unlimited free</a></p>

<p><b>Not sure how useful</b>
<a href="https://github.com/archivy/archivy/" rel="nofollow">Archivy</a> | <a href="https://old.reddit.com/r/selfhosted/comments/kocu1i/archivy_is_a_selfhosted_knowledge_repository_that/" rel="nofollow">reddit thread</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/qeeqbox/social-analyzer" rel="nofollow">Social-Analyzer – API and Web App: analyze &amp; find a person&#39;s profile across 300+ social media websites</a>
<a href="https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr" rel="nofollow">tl;dr pages</a>
<a href="https://github.com/ArchiveBox/ArchiveBox/" rel="nofollow">ArchiveBox</a>
<a href="https://beautifuldingbats.com/small-caps-generator" rel="nofollow">Small Caps Generator</a> | <a href="https://www.colorsandfonts.com/index.html" rel="nofollow">Colors and Fonts</a> |
<a href="https://weboas.is" rel="nofollow">WebOas.is</a> | <a href="https://archivebox.io/" rel="nofollow">ArchiveBox</a> |
<a href="https://github.com/wallabag/" rel="nofollow">Wallabag-open alternative to Pocket</a>
<a href="https://old.reddit.com/r/selfhosted/comments/bsp01i/welcome_to_rselfhosted_please_read_this_first/" rel="nofollow">/r/selfhosted</a> |
<a href="https://www.zerotier.com/" rel="nofollow">ZeroTier</a>
<a href="https://www.remnote.io" rel="nofollow">RemNote</a>
<a href="https://wiki.js.org/" rel="nofollow">Wiki.js</a> | <a href="https://github.com/Requarks/wiki" rel="nofollow">wiki.js on github</a> |
<a href="https://rssbox.herokuapp.com/" rel="nofollow">RSS Box</a>
<a href="https://note.boostio.co" rel="nofollow">note.boostio.co</a>
<a href="https://docs.kanboard.org/en/latest/user_guide/" rel="nofollow">Kanboard</a>
<a href="github.com/sharkdp/fd" rel="nofollow">fd</a> | <a href="https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep" rel="nofollow">ripgrep</a> |
<a href="https://sandstorm.io" rel="nofollow">sandstorm.io apps</a> |   <a href="http://etherpad.org" rel="nofollow">EtherPad</a> |
<a href="https://gitlab.com/ceda_ei/sky" rel="nofollow">Sky weather monitor github</a> | <a href="http://wttr.in/" rel="nofollow">wttr.in</a> |
<a href="https://f-droid.org/en/" rel="nofollow">F-Droid android FOSS apps</a>
<a href="https://cyberchef.fossdaily.xyz" rel="nofollow">CyberChef (may do bitcoin mining)</a>, <a href="https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef" rel="nofollow">on github</a>, <a href="https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/" rel="nofollow">github.io</a> |</p>

<p>Hashtags: <a href="https://jwc.writeas.com/tag:apps" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">apps</span></a></p>
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      <guid>https://jwc.writeas.com/apps</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2020 16:05:10 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MathJax quirks/issues in Write.as</title>
      <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/mathjax-quirks?pk_campaign=rss-feed</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[The Hubble constant is determined through obtaining the angular diameter distance to the last scattering surface. That&#39;s not a direct observable; instead it&#39;s inferred through trigonometry. We can directly measure the angular scale of the Baryon Acoustic oscillations in the CMB - it&#39;s the distance between troughs in the power spectrum. In the standard \\(\Lambda\\)CDM cosmological model, we also know the physical scale of the BAO feature, known as the sound horizon length.!--more-- The angular diameter distance is then defined as&#xA;&#xA;\\(D\A = \frac{r\s}{\theta\s}\\)&#xA;&#xA;where the numerator is the known physical scale and the denominator is the measured angular scale. The angular diameter distance is a well-known function of the Hubble rate, and you can infer the Hubble rate from getting the angular diameter distance (assuming the only pertinent species of particles in the universe are dark matter, baryons, photons, neutrinos, and the cosmological constant). In particular, the equation is&#xA;&#xA;\\(\int0^{z^}\\)&#xA;&#xA;\\(D\A = \int0^{z^}\\)&#xA;&#xA;\\( D\A = \int0^{z^} \\)&#xA;&#xA;\\( D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \frac{dz}{H(z)} \\)&#xA;&#xA;\\( D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0 \frac{dz}{H(z)} \\)  (works)&#xA;&#xA;$D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0 \frac{dz}{H(z)}$  (works)&#xA;&#xA;$D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0^z \frac{dz}{H(z)}$  (works) $D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0^z \frac{dz}{H(z)}$&#xA;&#xA;$D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0^{z^1} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$    (works) $D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^1} \int0^{z^1} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$&#xA;&#xA;$D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0^{z\} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$    (works) $D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^\} \int0^{z\} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$&#xA;&#xA;$D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0^{z^\} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$    (works) $D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^\} \int0^{z^\} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$&#xA;&#xA;$D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0^{z^} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$   (does not work) $D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0^{z^} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$&#xA;&#xA;\\( D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0^{z^} \frac{dz}{H(z)} \\) (does not work) \\( D\A =  \frac{1}{1+z^} \int0^{z^} \frac{dz}{H(z)} \\)&#xA;&#xA;$H(z) = H\0 \sqrt{\Omega\m (1+z)^3 + \Omega\{rad} (1+z)^4 + \Omega\_{\Lambda}}$&#xA;&#xA;with $z^$ is the redshift of the CMB (~1100), and the $\Omega$ density parameters corresponding to the known total matter density, radiation density, and vacuum energy density today, respectively.&#xA;&#xA;Tags: #CMB #Cosmology #Physics]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Hubble constant is determined through obtaining the angular diameter distance to the last scattering surface. That&#39;s not a direct observable; instead it&#39;s inferred through trigonometry. We can directly measure the angular scale of the Baryon Acoustic oscillations in the CMB – it&#39;s the distance between troughs in the power spectrum. In the standard \(\Lambda\)CDM cosmological model, we also know the physical scale of the BAO feature, known as the sound horizon length. The angular diameter distance is then defined as</p>

<p>\(D_A = \frac{r_s}{\theta_s}\)</p>

<p>where the numerator is the known physical scale and the denominator is the measured angular scale. The angular diameter distance is a well-known function of the Hubble rate, and you can infer the Hubble rate from getting the angular diameter distance (assuming the only pertinent species of particles in the universe are dark matter, baryons, photons, neutrinos, and the cosmological constant). In particular, the equation is</p>

<p>\(\int_0^{z^*}\)</p>

<p>\(D_A = \int_0^{z^*}\)</p>

<p>\( D_A = \int_0^{z^*} \)</p>

<p>\( D_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^*} \frac{dz}{H(z)} \)</p>

<p>\( D_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^*} \int_0 \frac{dz}{H(z)} \)  (works)</p>

<p>$D_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^*} \int_0 \frac{dz}{H(z)}$  (works)</p>

<p>$D_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^*} \int_0^z \frac{dz}{H(z)}$  (works) <code>$D\_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^*} \int_0^z \frac{dz}{H(z)}$</code></p>

<p>$D_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^*} \int_0^{z^1} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$    (works) <code>$D\_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^1} \int_0^{z^1} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$</code></p>

<p>$D_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^*} \int_0^{z*} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$    (works) <code>$D\_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^\*} \int_0^{z\*} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$</code></p>

<p>$D_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^*} \int_0^{z^*} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$    (works) <code>$D\_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^\*} \int_0^{z^\*} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$</code></p>

<p>$D_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^<em>} \int_0^{z^</em>} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$   (does not work) <code>$D\_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^*} \int_0^{z^*} \frac{dz}{H(z)}$</code></p>

<p>\( D_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^<em>} \int_0^{z^</em>} \frac{dz}{H(z)} \) (does not work) <code>\\( D\_A =  \frac{1}{1+z^*} \int_0^{z^*} \frac{dz}{H(z)} \\)</code></p>

<p>$H(z) = H_0 \sqrt{\Omega_m (1+z)^3 + \Omega_{rad} (1+z)^4 + \Omega_{\Lambda}}$</p>

<p>with $z^*$ is the redshift of the CMB (~1100), and the $\Omega$ density parameters corresponding to the known total matter density, radiation density, and vacuum energy density today, respectively.</p>

<p>Tags: <a href="https://jwc.writeas.com/tag:CMB" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">CMB</span></a> <a href="https://jwc.writeas.com/tag:Cosmology" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Cosmology</span></a> <a href="https://jwc.writeas.com/tag:Physics" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Physics</span></a></p>
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      <guid>https://jwc.writeas.com/mathjax-quirks</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2020 15:44:58 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WSL</title>
      <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/wsl?pk_campaign=rss-feed</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[Ubuntu Wiki on WSL | WSL2 Ubuntu blog articles | Ubuntu blog on WSL |&#xA;MS WSL2 docs | Install procs | Awesome WSL |!--more--]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WSL" rel="nofollow">Ubuntu Wiki on WSL</a> | <a href="https://ubuntu.com/blog/tag/wsl2" rel="nofollow">WSL2 Ubuntu blog articles</a> | <a href="https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-on-wsl-2-is-generally-available" rel="nofollow">Ubuntu blog on WSL</a> |
<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl2-index" rel="nofollow">MS WSL2 docs</a> | <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10" rel="nofollow">Install procs</a> | <a href="https://github.com/sirredbeard/Awesome-WSL" rel="nofollow">Awesome WSL</a> |</p>
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      <guid>https://jwc.writeas.com/wsl</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2020 20:37:58 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Search Test</title>
      <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/search-test?pk_campaign=rss-feed</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[iframe src=&#34;https://duckduckgo.com/search.html?width=250&amp;site=write.as/thenewoil/&amp;prefill=Search The New Oil blog&#34; style=&#34;overflow:hidden;margin:0;padding:0;width:308px;height:40px;border-radius: 15px 50px 30px 5px;&#34; frameborder=&#34;0&#34;/iframe&#xA;&#xA;]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<iframe style="overflow:hidden;margin:0;padding:0;width:308px;height:40px;border-radius: 15px 50px 30px 5px;" frameborder="0"></iframe>
]]></content:encoded>
      <guid>https://jwc.writeas.com/search-test</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Feb 2020 14:51:43 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Custom Javascript/CSS Coding</title>
      <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/custom-javascript-css-coding?pk_campaign=rss-feed</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[Back to Top button, js&#xA;Pin-able menu with #Hashtags, js&#xA;&#xA;Modern CSS Techniques To Improve Legibility, recommended by Dino Bansigan here&#xA;&#xA;Blog Post Navigation using JavaScript, 2-part series — Dino’s Journal&#xA;&#xA;Tags: #writeas #devel #followup]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://discuss.write.as/t/back-to-top-button/85" rel="nofollow">Back to Top button, js</a>
<a href="https://discuss.write.as/t/how-can-i-create-a-menu-link-read-write-as/936/3?u=bugbuster" rel="nofollow">Pin-able menu with <a href="https://jwc.writeas.com/tag:Hashtags" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Hashtags</span></a>, js</a></p>

<p><a href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2020/07/css-techniques-legibility/" rel="nofollow">Modern CSS Techniques To Improve Legibility</a>, recommended by Dino Bansigan <a href="https://journal.dinobansigan.com/modern-css-techniques-to-improve-legibility-edoardo-cavazza-smashing" rel="nofollow">here</a></p>

<p><a href="https://journal.dinobansigan.com/blog-post-navigation-using-javascript-part-2" rel="nofollow">Blog Post Navigation using JavaScript, 2-part series — Dino’s Journal</a></p>

<p>Tags: <a href="https://jwc.writeas.com/tag:writeas" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">writeas</span></a> <a href="https://jwc.writeas.com/tag:devel" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">devel</span></a> <a href="https://jwc.writeas.com/tag:followup" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">followup</span></a></p>
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      <guid>https://jwc.writeas.com/custom-javascript-css-coding</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 23 Nov 2019 15:29:45 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Text-Only Sites</title>
      <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/text-only-sites?pk_campaign=rss-feed</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[CNN&#xA;NPR&#xA;NewsAPI.org | node.js example |]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://lite.cnn.io/en" rel="nofollow">CNN</a>
<a href="https://text.npr.org/" rel="nofollow">NPR</a>
<a href="https://newsapi.org/" rel="nofollow">NewsAPI.org</a> | <a href="https://github.com/omgimanerd/getnews.tech" rel="nofollow">node.js example</a> |</p>
]]></content:encoded>
      <guid>https://jwc.writeas.com/text-only-sites</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Nov 2019 15:14:25 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DMV Tests</title>
      <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/dmv-tests?pk_campaign=rss-feed</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[div style=&#34;text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;width:100%; font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;&#34;Centering Text example/div&#xA;&#xA;DMV tests | DrivingTests.org | &#xA;https://driving-tests.org/california/ca-diagnostic-driving-test/&#xA;The road ahead curves to the right and then to the left!--more--&#xA;&#xA;DMV tests&#xA;https://driving-tests.org/california/&#xA;https://driving-tests.org/california/ca-diagnostic-driving-test/  &#xA;&#xA;To avoid last minute moves, you should be looking down the road to where your vehicle will be in about 10 to 15 seconds .&#xA;&#xA;A white painted curb means: Loading zone for passengers or mail only.  p58 &#xA;Green - limited time; yellow - load/unload passengers or freight; red - no parking; blue - disabled  &#xA;&#xA;When parking uphill on a two-way street with no curb, your front wheels should be: Turned to the right (away from the street) so the vehicle will roll away from the center of the road if the brakes fail.&#xA;&#xA;You see a flashing yellow traffic signal at an upcoming intersection. The flashing yellow light means: Slow down and cross the intersection carefully. You do not need to stop.&#xA;&#xA;regulatory signs&#xA;&#xA;tailgating - 3 second rule&#xA;&#xA;At 55 mph,  400 feet to react and bring your vehicle to a complete stop.&#xA;At 35 mph,  210 feet to react and bring your vehicle to a complete stop.&#xA;&#xA;Solid yellow lines mark the center of a road used for two-way traffic&#xA;Two solid yellow lines indicate no passing (exc: enter HOV, enter driveway, or U-turn &#xA;&#xA;Solid white lines mark traffic lanes going in the same direction, such as&#xA;one-way streets.&#xA;Double white lines are two solid white lines that indicate a lane barrier between a regular use and a preferential use lane, such as a carpool/HOV. Never change lanes while in these lanes; wait until a single broken white line appears. You may also see these parallel lines in or near freeway on and off ramps.&#xA;&#xA;No turn against a red arrow–You may not turn right or left against a red arrow.&#xA;&#xA;Right turn from a one-way street into a one-way street. Start the turn in the far right lane. If safe, you may end the turn in any lane&#xA;&#xA;No U-turns in front of a fire station&#xA;&#xA;If you must stop on a freeway, park completely off the pavement and stay in your vehicle with the doors locked until help arrives.&#xA;&#xA;Use Your Headlights&#xA;If weather conditions require you to use your windshield wipers, you are required to turn on your low-beam headlights.&#xA;from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise.&#xA;&#xA;When a vehicle makes a turn, the rear wheels follow a shorter path than the front wheels.&#xA;&#xA;Stop at all crosswalks where pedestrians are waiting. Wait for the pedestrian to cross the street&#xA;&#xA;Wet road–Go 5 to 10 mph slower.&#xA;Packed snow–Reduce your speed by half.&#xA;Ice–Slow to a crawl.&#xA;&#xA;If you start to skid: &#xA;Ease off the accelerator (gas) pedal.&#xA;Stop braking.&#xA;Turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid.&#xA;&#xA;When you have a collision, report it to DMV within 10 days if: More than $1,000 in damage was done to the property of any person or Anyone was injured (no matter how slightly) or killed.You or your representative must make this report whether or not you caused the collision, even if the collision occurred on private property. Your driving privilege will be suspended: If you do not make this report. For up to 4 years, if you did not have proper insurance coverage, regardless of who was at fault during the collision.&#xA;&#xA;It is illegal for any person to operate a vehicle with a:&#xA;BAC of 0.08% or higher, if the person is 21 years old or older.&#xA;BAC of 0.01% or higher, if the person is under 21 years old.&#xA;BAC of 0.01% or higher at any age, if the person is on a DUI probation&#xA;&#xA;Do not smoke at any time when a minor is in the vehicle. You can be fined up to $100.&#xA;Do not dump or abandon animals on a highway. This crime is punishable by a fine of up to $1,000, 6 months in jail, or both.&#xA;Do not drive a motor vehicle while using a wireless communications device to write, send, or read text-based communications.&#xA;Do not wear a headset or earplugs in both ears while driving.&#xA;&#xA;Do not block your view by putting signs or other objects on the front windshield or back side windows. Do not hang objects on the mirror. Windshield/window stickers, etc., are permitted in these locations only:&#xA;A 7 inch square on either the passenger’s side windshield lower corner or the lower corner of the rear window.&#xA;A 5 inch square on the lower corner of the driver’s side window.&#xA;The side windows behind the driver.&#xA;A 5 inch square located in the center uppermost portion of your windshield for an electronic toll payment device.&#xA;&#xA;You must dim your lights to low beams within 500 feet of a vehicle coming toward you or within 300 feet of a vehicle you are following.&#xA;&#xA;Ended reading page 93 (manual) or 105 (adobe reader)&#xA;&#xA;DMV Test 1&#xA;&#xA;Under no circumstances may You may drive off of the paved roadway to pass another vehicle:&#xA;&#xA;You are approaching a railroad crossing with no warning devices and are unable to see 400 feet down the tracks in one direction. The speed limit is: 15 mph&#xA;&#xA;When parking your vehicle parallel to the curb on a level street: Your wheels must be within 18 inches of the curb.&#xA;&#xA;When you are merging onto the freeway, you should be driving: At or near the same speed as the traffic on the freeway.&#xA;&#xA;When driving in fog, you should use your: low beams&#xA;&#xA;A white painted curb means: Loading zone for passengers or mail only.  p58 &#xA;Green - limited time; yellow - load/unload passengers or freight; red - no parking; blue - disabled  &#xA;&#xA;A school bus ahead of you in your lane is stopped with red lights flashing. You should: Stop as long as the red lights are flashing.&#xA;&#xA;California&#39;s &#34;Basic Speed Law&#34; says: You should never drive faster than is safe for current conditions.&#xA;&#xA;You just sold your vehicle. You must notify the DMV within 5 days.&#xA;&#xA;To avoid last minute moves, you should be looking down the road to where your vehicle will be in about 10 to 15 seconds&#xA;&#xA;DMV Test 2&#xA;&#xA;You are about to make a left turn. You must signal continuously during the last 100 feet before the turn.&#xA;&#xA;Which of the following statements about blind spots is true? Large trucks have bigger blind spots than most passenger vehicles.&#xA;&#xA;You have been involved in a minor traffic collision with a parked vehicle and you can&#39;t find the owner. You must BOTH: Leave a note on the vehicle. and Report the accident without delay to the city police or, in unincorporated areas, to the CHP.&#xA;&#xA;Unless otherwise posted the speed limit in a residential area is 25 mph&#xA;&#xA;You may legally block an intersection: Under no circumstances.&#xA;&#xA;When parking uphill on a two-way street with no curb, your front wheels should be: Turned to the right (away from the street).&#xA;&#xA;With a Class C drivers license a person may drive: A 3-axle vehicle if the Gross Vehicle Weight is less than 6,000 pounds.  p9 (21)&#xA;&#xA;To turn left from a multilane one-way street onto a one-way street, you should start your turn from: The lane closest to the left curb.&#xA;&#xA;If you are involved in a traffic collision, you are required to complete and submit a written report (SR1) to the DMV: If there is property damage in excess of $1,000 or if there are any injuries.&#xA;&#xA;Roadways are the most slippery: The first rain after a dry spell.  &#xA;\---&#xA;&#xA;DMV Test 3  &#xA;&#xA;You may not park your vehicle: Next to a red painted curb.&#xA;&#xA;You must notify the DMV within 5 days if you: Sell or transfer your vehicle.&#xA;&#xA;Two sets of solid, double, yellow lines that are two or more feet apart: May not be crossed for any reason.&#xA;&#xA;You want to make a right turn at an upcoming intersection. You should slow down and: Signal for 100 feet before turning.&#xA;&#xA;You are driving on a freeway posted for 65 MPH. The traffic is traveling at 70 MPH. You may legally drive: No faster than 65 mph.&#xA;&#xA;It is illegal to park your vehicle: In an unmarked crosswalk.&#xA;&#xA;The safest precaution that you can take regarding the use of cellular phones and driving is: Use hands-free devices so you can keep both hands on the steering wheel.&#xA;&#xA;If you have a green light, but traffic is blocking the intersection, you should: Stay out of the intersection until traffic clears.&#xA;&#xA;You are getting ready to make a right turn. You should: Slow down or stop, if necessary, and then make the turn.&#xA;&#xA;You must obey instructions from school crossing guards: At all times.  &#xA;\---&#xA;&#xA;DMV Test 4  &#xA;&#xA;It is a very windy day. You are driving and a dust storm blows across the freeway reducing your visibility. You should drive slower and turn on your: Headlights.&#xA;&#xA;If you plan to pass another vehicle, you should: Not assume the other driver will make space for you to return to your lane.&#xA;&#xA;If you drive faster than other vehicles on a road with one lane in each direction and continually pass the other cars, you will: Increase your chances of an accident.&#xA;&#xA;Which of these vehicles must always stop before crossing railroad tracks? Tank trucks marked with hazardous materials placards.&#xA;&#xA;You are driving on a one-way street. You may turn left onto another one-way street only if: Traffic on the street moves to the left.&#xA;&#xA;A large truck is ahead of you and is turning right onto a street with two lanes in each direction. The truck: May have to swing wide to complete the right turn.&#xA;&#xA;You may cross a double yellow line to pass another vehicle, if the yellow line next to: Your side of the road is a broken line.&#xA;&#xA;At intersections, crosswalks, and railroad crossings, you should always: Look to the sides of your vehicle to see what is coming.&#xA;&#xA;You drive defensively when you: Keep your eyes moving to look for possible hazards.&#xA;&#xA;DMV Test 5&#xA;&#xA;You are driving on the freeway. The vehicle in front of you is a large truck. You should drive: Farther behind the truck than you would for a passenger vehicle.&#xA;&#xA;All of the following practices are dangerous to do while driving. Which of these is also illegal? Listening to music through headphones that cover both ears.&#xA;&#xA;Always stop before you cross railroad tracks when: You don&#39;t have room on the other side to completely cross the tracks.&#xA;&#xA;When you tailgate other drivers (drive close to their rear bumper): You can frustrate the other drivers and make them angry.&#xA;&#xA;Should you always drive slower than other traffic? No, you can block traffic when you drive too slowly.&#xA;&#xA;You see a signal person at a road construction site ahead. You should obey his or her instructions: at all times&#xA;&#xA;When can you drive in a bike lane?&#xA;&#xA;During rush hour traffic if there are no bicyclists in the bike lane. When you are within 200 feet of a cross street where you plan to turn right.&#xA;&#xA;You see a flashing yellow traffic signal at an upcoming intersection. The flashing yellow light means: Slow down and cross the intersection carefully.&#xA;&#xA;There is no crosswalk and you see a pedestrian crossing your lane ahead. You should: Stop and let him/her finish crossing the street.&#xA;&#xA;A solid yellow line next to a broken yellow line means that vehicles: Next to the broken line may pass.  &#xA;\---&#xA;&#xA;When two vehicles meet on a steep mountain road where neither can pass, the vehicle traveling downhill must yield the right-of-way by backing up until the vehicle going uphill can pass. The vehicle facing downhill has the greater amount of control when backing. [On Mountain Roads; Laws and Rules of the Road]&#xA;&#xA;Use hand-over-hand steering when steering movements are critical, such as in recovery from a skid. [Hand-Over-Hand Steering; Steering; Safe Driving Practices]&#xA;&#xA;Traffic sign: the end of a divided highway&#xA;&#xA;A child under 8 years old may ride in the front seat of a vehicle if properly secured in a federally approved child passenger restraint system when all the rear seats are already occupied by children who are 7 years old or younger. [Child Restraint System and Safety Seats; Occupant Protection]&#xA;&#xA;Never block an intersection, even if an emergency vehicle is approaching. If you are in an intersection when you see or hear an emergency vehicle, continue through the intersection. Then move to the right as soon as you can and stop. [Emergency Vehicles; Sharing the Road]&#xA;&#xA;If your vehicle breaks down on the road, make sure that other drivers can see it. Pull off the road, away from all traffic if possible. Turn on your emergency flashers. Lift the hood to signal the emergency and place emergency flares or triangles 200 – 300 feet behind the vehicle. [Use Your Emergency Signals; Safe Driving Practices]&#xA;&#xA;Drivers are required to yield the right-of-way to pedestrians within any crosswalk, whether marked or unmarked. [Pedestrian Responsibilities; Miscellaneous Licensing Information]&#xA;&#xA;Special “turnout” areas are sometimes marked on two-lane roads. Drive into these areas to allow cars behind you to pass. If you are driving slowly on a two-lane highway or road where passing is unsafe, and five or more vehicles are following you, you must drive into a turnout area to let the vehicles pass. [Turnout Areas and Lanes; Lane Controls]&#xA;&#xA;If you hit a parked vehicle or other property, you must leave a note with your name and address, the name and address of the owner of your vehicle, and a description of the collision. Securely attach it to the vehicle or property you hit. Report the collision to the city police or, in unincorporated areas, to the California Highway Patrol (CHP). [Involved in a Collision; Collisions Are Not Accidents]&#xA;&#xA;Broken white lines indicate that passing is allowed but only when it can be done safely. [Line Colors; Lane Controls]&#xA;&#xA;Most rear-end collisions are caused by tailgating. To avoid tailgating, use the “three-second rule”: When the vehicle ahead of you passes a certain fixed point, such as a sign, it should take your vehicle about three seconds to reach that same point. To count three seconds, count &#34;one-thousand-one, one-thousand-two, one-thousand-three.&#34; [Do Not Be a Tailgater!; Know What is Ahead; Visual Search]&#xA;&#xA;You must turn on your headlights 30 minutes after sunset and leave them on until 30 minutes before sunrise. [Things You Must Do; Additional Driving Laws/Rules]&#xA;&#xA;At intersections, yield to the vehicle or bicycle that arrives first, or to the vehicle or bicycle on your right if it reaches the intersection at the same time as you do. [Bicycles in Travel Lanes; Sharing the Road]&#xA;&#xA;If drivers see animals or livestock, they should slow down and follow directions from the person in charge of the animals. [Near Animals; Laws and Rules of the Road]&#xA;&#xA;Diamond-shaped placards on a truck mean that the truck is carrying hazardous materials (gas, explosives, etc.). &#xA;&#xA;Two sets of solid double yellow lines spaced two or more feet apart are considered a barrier. Do not drive on or over this barrier or make a left turn or U-turn across it, except at designated openings. [Line Colors; Lane Controls]&#xA;&#xA;A flashing yellow arrow signal means that turns are permitted. However, you must first yield to pedestrians and oncoming traffic and then proceed with caution. [Traffic Signal Lights; Traffic Controls]&#xA;&#xA;A double solid white line separates two lanes traveling in the same direction, but crossing the line is prohibited. Double solid white lines are often used on highways to separate a high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane from other lanes traveling in the same direction. [Line Colors; Lane Control]&#xA;&#xA;A solid white line between lanes of traffic means that you should stay in your lane unless a special situation requires you to change lanes. [Line Colors; Lane Control]&#xA;&#xA;At intersections without a stop sign or yield sign, yield to pedestrians, vehicles, and bicycles on the through road. They have the right-of-way. [Traffic Signs; Traffic Controls]&#xA;&#xA;On two-lane undivided highways, the maximum speed limit for vehicles towing trailers is 55 mph unless otherwise posted. [Maximum Speed Limit; Laws and Rules of the Road]&#xA;&#xA;A roundabout is an intersection where traffic travels around the central island in a counterclockwise direction. [Roundabouts; Laws and Rules of the Road]&#xA;&#xA;Left turns at a red light can only be made from a one-way street onto a left-moving, one-way street, and only if there is no sign to prohibit the turn. Yield to pedestrians, bicyclists, and other vehicles moving on their green light. (Note: The laws on left turns at a red light may be different in some other states.) [Left Turns; Turns]&#xA;&#xA;When you are involved in a collision, you must report it to the DMV within 10 days, if more than $1,000 in damage was done to the property of any person or if anyone was injured (no matter how slightly) or killed. [Reporting a Collision; Collisions Are Not Accidents]&#xA;&#xA;If your vehicle starts to hydroplane, slow down gradually, but do not apply the brakes. [Driving Hazards; Special Driving Situations]&#xA;&#xA;If you brake hard at a high speed, the force of the brakes may exceed the tires&#39; grip of the road. The wheels will lock and the vehicle will skid, no matter which way the steering wheel is turned. To recover from the skid, take your foot off the brake pedal to unlock the wheels. Then straighten the front wheels as the vehicle begins to straighten out. Slow the vehicle gradually until you are at a safe speed to continue driving. [Locked Wheel Skids; Handling Emergencies]&#xA;&#xA;However, if you must drive in fog, drive slowly and use your low-beam headlights. The light from high beams will tend to reflect back and cause glare. [Use Your Headlights; Safe Driving Practices]&#xA;&#xA;Turning on your right turn signal lets the officer know that you recognize his or her presence. Do not stop on the center median. [What a Driver Should Do During an Enforcement Stop; Special Driving Situations]&#xA;&#xA;a yield sign, a red-and-white triangle pointing downward. It indicates that drivers must slow down and be ready to stop, if necessary, to let any vehicle or pedestrian pass.&#xA;&#xA;At 55 mph, under good conditions, your vehicle will travel about 400 feet in the time that it takes you to react to an object in your path and bring your vehicle to a complete stop. A football field (including the two end zones) is 360 feet long. Under poor driving conditions (bad weather, bad tires, etc.), it may take even longer to stop your vehicle. [How Well Can You Stop?; Visual Search&#xA;&#xA;A steady red arrow signal means you must stop and you cannot turn in the direction of the arrow. You may proceed only when the red arrow goes off and a green arrow or light comes on. [Traffic Signal Lights; Traffic Controls]&#xA;&#xA;This five-sided sign depicting persons carrying schoolbooks indicates a school zone. Stop when children are in the crosswalk. &#xA;&#xA;\---  &#xA;To turn left from a one-way street onto another one-way street, begin the turn from the left lane and make the turn into any lane that is safely open. (Note that in some other states, you may be required to turn into the left lane.) [Examples of Right and Left Turns; Turns]&#xA;&#xA;Under California law, if you are found guilty of driving without wearing a seat belt, you will be fined up to $20 for a first offense and up to $50 for each subsequent offense.&#xA;&#xA;If you are convicted of seriously injuring someone while attempting to evade a police pursuit, you may be fined $2,000 – $10,000, sentenced to state prison for up to seven years, or both. [Evading a Peace Officer, Administrative, California Driver Handbook]&#xA;&#xA;U-turns are permitted across double yellow lines when it is safe to do so. They are not permitted on one-way streets or at railroad crossings. [Line Colors; Lane Control]&#xA;&#xA;You should cut your speed in half when the road is packed with snow. You should also reduce your speed on wet or icy roads, but by different amounts. [Driving in Rain or Snow; Special Driving Situations]&#xA;&#xA;Yellow lines are also used as left-edge lines on one-way roadways.&#xA;&#xA;Two solid yellow lines indicate no passing. You may not cross these lines except to make a left turn. However, in California, there is one exception to this usual rule: You may drive to the left of these lines if you are in a carpool/HOV lane that has a designated entrance on the left. [Line Colors; Lane Control]&#xA;&#xA;You must not follow within 300 feet of any emergency vehicle with a siren or flashing lights. The length of a football playing field (i.e., without the two end zones) is 300 feet. [Emergency Vehicles; Sharing the Road]&#xA;&#xA;Black diagonal stripes on yellow background: This is an object marker sign, which is used to notify drivers of objects in the roadway or very close to the edge of the roadway. The stripes point downward toward the safe side of the roadway. This sign indicates that you should keep right to pass the object.&#xA;&#xA;Any person, while operating a motor vehicle, who willfully flees or attempts to evade a peace officer performing their duties is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year. [Evading a Peace Officer; Administrative]&#xA;&#xA;A white line separates two lanes traveling in the same direction. If it&#39;s a broken line, you may cross it to pass or change lanes. If it&#39;s a solid line, you should usually stay in your lane.&#xA;&#xA;The right edges of many roadways are marked with a solid white line. This line indicates the outer edge of the roadway, and it may be crossed only by traffic moving to or from the shoulder. The left edge is marked with a yellow line. [Line Colors; Lane Control]&#xA;&#xA;In California, reckless driving is defined as driving in wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property, and it&#39;s a criminal offense. If you are convicted of reckless driving, you will be fined beween $145 and $1,000, sentenced to jail for 5 to 90 days, or both; and two points will be added to your driving record. However, if you are convicted of reckless driving that resulted in injury to someone, you will be fined beween $220 and $1,000, sentenced to jail for between 30 days and six months, or both; your license will be revoked; and two points will be added to your driving record. [Speed Contests/Reckless Driving, Administrative, California Driver Handbook], [CVC § 23103], [CVC § 23104]&#xA;&#xA;In California, you must not park within 7½ feet of a railroad track. (Note that trains are at least six feet wider than the tracks they run on.) [Illegal Parking; Parking]&#xA;&#xA;a center left-turn lane. It is marked by parallel solid and broken yellow lines and is sometimes accompanied by white arrows on the pavement. [Center Left Turn Lanes; Lane Control; California Driver Handbook]&#xA;&#xA;Distracted driving may lead to a collision. Stay as far away as possible from distracted drivers.&#xA;&#xA;A limit line (also known as a stop line) is a wide white line painted across a traffic lane, showing where you must stop for a traffic signal or stop sign. (NOT A CROSSWALK LINE)&#xA;&#xA;When you park and leave your vehicle on a highway or street, roll up the windows, stop the engine, lock the ignition, remove the key, set the parking brake (even if your car has an automatic transmission), and lock the doors. [Vehicle Theft Prevention Tips&#xA;&#xA;Intersections are the most likely places for car/motorcycle collisions to occur. &#xA;&#xA;Use your high beams whenever there are no oncoming vehicles nearby. High beams allow you to see twice as far as low beams. Be sure to use high beams on unfamiliar roads, in construction areas, or where there may be people on the side of the road. However, use low beams in fog, snow, or heavy rain, because light from the high beams reflects off such precipitation and causes glare.&#xA;&#xA;An intersection is considered &#34;blind&#34; if there are no stop signs on any corner and you cannot see for 100 feet in either direction during the last 100 feet before crossing. In California, the speed limit for going through a blind intersection is 15 mph. [Reduced Speeds; Speed Limits;&#xA;&#xA;This sign indicates that all vehicles must go straight. No turn from this lane is allowed. [White Regulatory Signs; Traffic Signs; Traffic Controls;&#xA;&#xA;Regulatory devices tell you to stop, proceed in a certain direction, or limit your speed. All regulatory devices indicate actions required by the driver. Failure to comply is subject to penalty. [Regulatory Signs; Traffic Signs; Traffic Controls;&#xA;&#xA;If you are overtaking a bicycle and an oncoming vehicle is approaching, you must slow down and let the vehicle pass first. Then you can leave extra room for the bicycle. &#xA;&#xA;If you are overtaking a bicycle and an oncoming vehicle is approaching, you must slow down and let the vehicle pass first. Then you can leave extra room for the bicycle. &#xA;&#xA;The first rule for a safe and legal turn is to move into the proper lane well before the turn. To turn left, move into the far left lane. To turn right, move into the far right lane. [Turns; Lane Control&#xA;&#xA;If you are approaching a stop sign, you must stop at the solid white limit line (also known as a stop line). If there is no limit line, stop before entering the crosswalk on your side of the intersection.&#xA;&#xA;Hills and curves on rural roads are often steeper and sharper than on highways. Before reaching the crest of a hill or before entering a curve, slow down, move to the right side of the road, and watch for oncoming vehicles. &#xA;&#xA;If you plan to turn beyond an intersection, start signaling when you are in the intersection. If you signal too early, the other driver may think you plan to turn into the intersection and he or she may pull out in front of you.&#xA;&#xA;When you turn off a high-speed, two-lane roadway, try not to slow down too quickly. Use your turn signals to let other drivers know your intentions. Tap your brakes and reduce your speed quickly but safely. [Space to Merge; Vehicle Positioning; &#xA;&#xA;You should not attempt to pass another vehicle when you are approaching or moving through an intersection or crosswalk. [Passing Lanes; Lane Control; &#xA;&#xA;White lines separate lanes of traffic that are going in the same direction. Yellow lines separate opposing lanes. [Examples of Lane Markings; Lane Control; &#xA;&#xA;Motorcyclists need a full lane width, just like other vehicles. Car drivers should never drive alongside a motorcycle in the same lane even if the lane is wide and the motorcyclist is riding to one side. &#xA;&#xA;Narrow streets are a source of crashes. Unless it is prohibited, drivers must use the three-point turn to turn around on a narrow street.&#xA;&#xA;Single solid yellow lines are used as left-edge lines on divided highways.&#xA;&#xA;A steady yellow light indicates that a red light is coming next. You must stop if you can do so safely. Otherwise, slow down, proceed with caution into the intersection, and then clear the intersection. [Traffic Signal Lights; Traffic Controls;&#xA;&#xA;An interchange is the connection of a freeway to a road or another freeway by a series of ramps. The connecting roadways allow you to leave one road and enter another safely without disrupting the flow of traffic. [Know What is Ahead; Visual Search&#xA;&#xA;A steady yellow arrow warns drivers that the time period of &#34;protected&#34; turning is ending. Be prepared to obey the next signal, which could be a green or red light or a red arrow. If you are approaching the intersection, you must stop. [Traffic Signal Lights; Traffic Controls;&#xA;&#xA;If a driver extends his or her left arm out horizontally, it means that the driver is going to make a left turn.&#xA;&#xA;When turning right into a two-way street, begin and end the turn in the lane nearest to the right edge of the road. &#xA;&#xA;3 left-arrow flashing arrow panel: This sequential arrow panel may be used in work zones around the clock. It indicates that part of the road or street ahead is closed. &#xA;&#xA;The right edges of many roadways are marked with a solid white line. This line indicates the outer edge of the roadway, and it may be crossed only by traffic moving to or from the shoulder. The left edge is marked with a yellow line. [Line Colors;&#xA;&#xA;When you are parallel parked on the right-hand side of the street, you must signal a left turn and look over your left shoulder before pulling out into traffic. If you are parallel parked on the left-hand side of a one-way street, signal a right turn and look over your right shoulder before moving into traffic. &#xA;&#xA;On a two-way roadway with a center lane, drivers from either direction can ______ from the center lane. Drivers from either direction may use the center lane for left turns and permitted U-turns. [Examples of Right and left Turns; Turns; Lane Control&#xA;&#xA;A sign shaped like a downward-pointing triangle is a yield sign. When you see a yield sign, you must slow down and yield to approaching traffic. &#xA;&#xA;With any turning vehicle, the rear wheels follow a shorter path than the front wheels. The longer the vehicle is, the greater the difference will be. Trucks and other large vehicles may initially swing out before making a turn. If you see a truck move left, don&#39;t try to pass it on its right; the truck may be about to turn right. Check its turn signals. &#xA;&#xA;A triangular orange emblem on the rear of a vehicle identifies it as a slow-moving vehicle, which California defines as a vehicle that cannot travel faster than 25 mph. Slow-moving vehicles are required by law to display this emblem. Slow-moving vehicles include farm tractors and road maintenance vehicles.&#xA;&#xA;A variety of vehicles can flash yellow lights. Flashing yellow lights on tow trucks and slow-moving vehicles warn you to slow down. However, some school buses flash yellow lights when preparing to stop to let children on or off the bus. These lights warn you to slow down and prepare to stop. When the school bus flashes red lights, you must stop and remain stopped until the children have left and the red lights stop flashing.&#xA;&#xA;Double solid yellow lines mark the center of a road and separate opposing lanes. Passing is not allowed in either direction. Drivers may not cross the lines unless they are making a left turn. [Line Colors; Lane Controls; &#xA;&#xA;When adjusting your seat, you should allow 10&#34; between the chest and steering wheel.&#xA;&#xA;If you double your speed on a highway, your braking distance increases by 4 times.&#xA;&#xA;An average 140-pound woman will become legally intoxicated after consuming 2 alcoholic drink(s). An average 180-pound man will become legally intoxicated after consuming 2_ alcoholic drinks.&#xA;&#xA;A white line separates two lanes traveling in the same direction. If it&#39;s a broken line, you may cross it to pass or change lanes. If it&#39;s a solid line, you should usually stay in your lane.&#xA;&#xA;This is an object marker sign, which is used to notify drivers of objects in the roadway or very close to the edge of the roadway. The stripes point downward toward the safe side of the roadway. This sign indicates that you should keep right to pass the object.&#xA;&#xA;Any person, while operating a motor vehicle, who willfully flees or attempts to evade a peace officer performing their duties is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year. &#xA;&#xA;]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;width:100%; font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Centering Text example</div>

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The road ahead curves to the right and then to the left</p>

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<p>To avoid last minute moves, you should be looking down the road to where your vehicle will be in about __10 to 15 seconds __.</p>

<p>A white painted curb means: Loading zone for passengers or mail only.  p58
Green – limited time; yellow – load/unload passengers or freight; red – no parking; blue – disabled</p>

<p>When parking uphill on a two-way street with no curb, your front wheels should be: Turned to the right (away from the street) so the vehicle will roll away from the center of the road if the brakes fail.</p>

<p>You see a flashing yellow traffic signal at an upcoming intersection. The flashing yellow light means: Slow down and cross the intersection carefully. You do not need to stop.</p>

<p>regulatory signs</p>

<p>tailgating – 3 second rule</p>

<p>At 55 mph,  400 feet to react and bring your vehicle to a complete stop.
At 35 mph,  210 feet to react and bring your vehicle to a complete stop.</p>

<p>Solid yellow lines mark the center of a road used for two-way traffic
Two solid yellow lines indicate no passing (exc: enter HOV, enter driveway, or U-turn</p>

<p>Solid white lines mark traffic lanes going in the same direction, such as
one-way streets.
Double white lines are two solid white lines that indicate a lane barrier between a regular use and a preferential use lane, such as a carpool/HOV. Never change lanes while in these lanes; wait until a single broken white line appears. You may also see these parallel lines in or near freeway on and off ramps.</p>

<p>No turn against a red arrow–You may not turn right or left against a red arrow.</p>

<p><strong>Right turn from a one-way street into a one-way street.</strong> Start the turn in the far right lane. If safe, you may end the turn in any lane</p>

<p>No U-turns in front of a fire station</p>

<p>If you must stop on a freeway, park completely off the pavement and stay in your vehicle with the doors locked until help arrives.</p>

<p>Use Your Headlights
If weather conditions require you to use your windshield wipers, you are required to turn on your low-beam headlights.
from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise.</p>

<p>When a vehicle makes a turn, the rear wheels follow a shorter path than the front wheels.</p>

<p>Stop at all crosswalks where pedestrians are waiting. Wait for the pedestrian to cross the street</p>

<p>Wet road–Go 5 to 10 mph slower.
Packed snow–Reduce your speed by half.
Ice–Slow to a crawl.</p>

<p>If you start to skid:
Ease off the accelerator (gas) pedal.
Stop braking.
Turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid.</p>

<p>When you have a collision, report it to DMV within 10 days if: More than $1,000 in damage was done to the property of any person or Anyone was injured (no matter how slightly) or killed.You or your representative must make this report <strong>whether or not you caused the collision</strong>, even if the collision occurred on private property. Your driving privilege will be suspended: If you do not make this report. For up to 4 years, if you did not have proper insurance coverage, regardless of who was at fault during the collision.</p>

<p>It is illegal for any person to operate a vehicle with a:
BAC of 0.08% or higher, if the person is 21 years old or older.
BAC of 0.01% or higher, if the person is under 21 years old.
BAC of 0.01% or higher at any age, if the person is on a DUI probation</p>

<p>Do not smoke at any time when a minor is in the vehicle. You can be fined up to $100.
Do not dump or abandon animals on a highway. This crime is punishable by a fine of up to $1,000, 6 months in jail, or both.
Do not drive a motor vehicle while using a wireless communications device to write, send, or read text-based communications.
Do not wear a headset or earplugs in both ears while driving.</p>

<p>Do not block your view by putting signs or other objects on the front windshield or back side windows. Do not hang objects on the mirror. Windshield/window stickers, etc., are permitted in these locations only:
A 7 inch square on either the passenger’s side windshield lower corner or the lower corner of the rear window.
A 5 inch square on the lower corner of the driver’s side window.
The side windows behind the driver.
A 5 inch square located in the center uppermost portion of your windshield for an electronic toll payment device.</p>

<p>You must dim your lights to low beams within 500 feet of a vehicle coming toward you or within 300 feet of a vehicle you are following.</p>

<p>Ended reading page 93 (manual) or 105 (adobe reader)</p>

<p><a href="https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/pubs/interactive/tdrive/clc2written?lang=en" rel="nofollow">DMV Test 1</a></p>

<p>Under no circumstances may You may drive off of the paved roadway to pass another vehicle:</p>

<p>You are approaching a railroad crossing with no warning devices and are unable to see 400 feet down the tracks in one direction. The speed limit is: 15 mph</p>

<p>When parking your vehicle parallel to the curb on a level street: Your wheels must be within 18 inches of the curb.</p>

<p>When you are merging onto the freeway, you should be driving: At or near the same speed as the traffic on the freeway.</p>

<p>When driving in fog, you should use your: low beams</p>

<p>A white painted curb means: Loading zone for passengers or mail only.  p58
Green – limited time; yellow – load/unload passengers or freight; red – no parking; blue – disabled</p>

<p>A school bus ahead of you in your lane is stopped with red lights flashing. You should: Stop as long as the red lights are flashing.</p>

<p>California&#39;s “Basic Speed Law” says: You should never drive faster than is safe for current conditions.</p>

<p>You just sold your vehicle. You must notify the DMV within <em>5</em> days.</p>

<p>To avoid last minute moves, you should be looking down the road to where your vehicle will be in about 10 to 15 seconds</p>

<p><a href="https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/pubs/interactive/tdrive/clc3written?lang=en" rel="nofollow">DMV Test 2</a></p>

<p>You are about to make a left turn. You must signal continuously during the last <strong>100</strong> feet before the turn.</p>

<p>Which of the following statements about blind spots is true? Large trucks have bigger blind spots than most passenger vehicles.</p>

<p>You have been involved in a minor traffic collision with a parked vehicle and you can&#39;t find the owner. You must <strong>BOTH</strong>: Leave a note on the vehicle. and Report the accident without delay to the city police or, in unincorporated areas, to the CHP.</p>

<p>Unless otherwise posted the speed limit in a residential area is 25 mph</p>

<p>You may legally block an intersection: Under no circumstances.</p>

<p>When parking uphill on a two-way street with no curb, your front wheels should be: Turned to the right (away from the street).</p>

<p>With a Class C drivers license a person may drive: A 3-axle vehicle if the Gross Vehicle Weight is less than 6,000 pounds.  p9 (21)</p>

<p>To turn left from a multilane one-way street onto a one-way street, you should start your turn from: The lane closest to the left curb.</p>

<p>If you are involved in a traffic collision, you are required to complete and submit a written report (SR1) to the DMV: If there is property damage in excess of $1,000 or if there are any injuries.</p>

<p>Roadways are the most slippery: The first rain after a dry spell.<br/>
-—</p>

<p><a href="https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/pubs/interactive/tdrive/clc4written?lang=en" rel="nofollow">DMV Test 3</a></p>

<p>You may not park your vehicle: Next to a red painted curb.</p>

<p>You must notify the DMV within 5 days if you: Sell or transfer your vehicle.</p>

<p>Two sets of solid, double, yellow lines that are two or more feet apart: May not be crossed for any reason.</p>

<p>You want to make a right turn at an upcoming intersection. You should slow down and: Signal for 100 feet before turning.</p>

<p>You are driving on a freeway posted for 65 MPH. The traffic is traveling at 70 MPH. You may legally drive: No faster than 65 mph.</p>

<p>It is illegal to park your vehicle: In an unmarked crosswalk.</p>

<p>The safest precaution that you can take regarding the use of cellular phones and driving is: Use hands-free devices so you can keep both hands on the steering wheel.</p>

<p>If you have a green light, but traffic is blocking the intersection, you should: Stay out of the intersection until traffic clears.</p>

<p>You are getting ready to make a right turn. You should: Slow down or stop, if necessary, and then make the turn.</p>

<p>You must obey instructions from school crossing guards: At all times.<br/>
-—</p>

<p><a href="https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/pubs/interactive/tdrive/clc5written?lang=en" rel="nofollow">DMV Test 4</a></p>

<p>It is a very windy day. You are driving and a dust storm blows across the freeway reducing your visibility. You should drive slower and turn on your: Headlights.</p>

<p>If you plan to pass another vehicle, you should: Not assume the other driver will make space for you to return to your lane.</p>

<p>If you drive faster than other vehicles on a road with one lane in each direction and continually pass the other cars, you will: Increase your chances of an accident.</p>

<p>Which of these vehicles must always stop before crossing railroad tracks? Tank trucks marked with hazardous materials placards.</p>

<p>You are driving on a one-way street. You may turn left onto another one-way street only if: Traffic on the street moves to the left.</p>

<p>A large truck is ahead of you and is turning right onto a street with two lanes in each direction. The truck: May have to swing wide to complete the right turn.</p>

<p>You may cross a double yellow line to pass another vehicle, if the yellow line next to: Your side of the road is a broken line.</p>

<p>At intersections, crosswalks, and railroad crossings, you should always: Look to the sides of your vehicle to see what is coming.</p>

<p>You drive defensively when you: Keep your eyes moving to look for possible hazards.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/pubs/interactive/tdrive/clc6written?lang=en" rel="nofollow">DMV Test 5</a></p>

<p>You are driving on the freeway. The vehicle in front of you is a large truck. You should drive: Farther behind the truck than you would for a passenger vehicle.</p>

<p>All of the following practices are dangerous to do while driving. Which of these is also illegal? Listening to music through headphones that cover both ears.</p>

<p>Always stop before you cross railroad tracks when: You don&#39;t have room on the other side to completely cross the tracks.</p>

<p>When you tailgate other drivers (drive close to their rear bumper): You can frustrate the other drivers and make them angry.</p>

<p>Should you always drive slower than other traffic? No, you can block traffic when you drive too slowly.</p>

<p>You see a signal person at a road construction site ahead. You should obey his or her instructions: at all times</p>

<p>When can you drive in a bike lane?</p>

<p>During rush hour traffic if there are no bicyclists in the bike lane. When you are within 200 feet of a cross street where you plan to turn right.</p>

<p>You see a flashing yellow traffic signal at an upcoming intersection. The flashing yellow light means: Slow down and cross the intersection carefully.</p>

<p>There is no crosswalk and you see a pedestrian crossing your lane ahead. You should: Stop and let him/her finish crossing the street.</p>

<p>A solid yellow line next to a broken yellow line means that vehicles: Next to the broken line may pass.<br/>
-—</p>

<p>When two vehicles meet on a steep mountain road where neither can pass, the vehicle traveling downhill must yield the right-of-way by backing up until the vehicle going uphill can pass. The vehicle facing downhill has the greater amount of control when backing. [On Mountain Roads; Laws and Rules of the Road]</p>

<p>Use hand-over-hand steering when steering movements are critical, such as in recovery from a skid. [Hand-Over-Hand Steering; Steering; Safe Driving Practices]</p>

<p>Traffic sign: the end of a divided highway</p>

<p>A child under 8 years old may ride in the front seat of a vehicle if properly secured in a federally approved child passenger restraint system when all the rear seats are already occupied by children who are 7 years old or younger. [Child Restraint System and Safety Seats; Occupant Protection]</p>

<p>Never block an intersection, even if an emergency vehicle is approaching. If you are in an intersection when you see or hear an emergency vehicle, continue through the intersection. Then move to the right as soon as you can and stop. [Emergency Vehicles; Sharing the Road]</p>

<p>If your vehicle breaks down on the road, make sure that other drivers can see it. Pull off the road, away from all traffic if possible. Turn on your emergency flashers. Lift the hood to signal the emergency and place emergency flares or triangles 200 – 300 feet behind the vehicle. [Use Your Emergency Signals; Safe Driving Practices]</p>

<p>Drivers are required to yield the right-of-way to pedestrians within any crosswalk, whether marked or unmarked. [Pedestrian Responsibilities; Miscellaneous Licensing Information]</p>

<p>Special “turnout” areas are sometimes marked on two-lane roads. Drive into these areas to allow cars behind you to pass. If you are driving slowly on a two-lane highway or road where passing is unsafe, and five or more vehicles are following you, you must drive into a turnout area to let the vehicles pass. [Turnout Areas and Lanes; Lane Controls]</p>

<p>If you hit a parked vehicle or other property, you must leave a note with your name and address, the name and address of the owner of your vehicle, and a description of the collision. Securely attach it to the vehicle or property you hit. Report the collision to the city police or, in unincorporated areas, to the California Highway Patrol (CHP). [Involved in a Collision; Collisions Are Not Accidents]</p>

<p>Broken white lines indicate that passing is allowed but only when it can be done safely. [Line Colors; Lane Controls]</p>

<p>Most rear-end collisions are caused by tailgating. To <strong>avoid tailgating, use the “three-second rule”</strong>: When the vehicle ahead of you passes a certain fixed point, such as a sign, it should take your vehicle about three seconds to reach that same point. To count three seconds, count “one-thousand-one, one-thousand-two, one-thousand-three.” [Do Not Be a Tailgater!; Know What is Ahead; Visual Search]</p>

<p>You must <strong>turn on your headlights 30 minutes after sunset</strong> and leave them on <strong>until 30 minutes before sunrise</strong>. [Things You Must Do; Additional Driving Laws/Rules]</p>

<p>At intersections, yield to the vehicle or bicycle that arrives first, or to the vehicle or bicycle on your right if it reaches the intersection at the same time as you do. [Bicycles in Travel Lanes; Sharing the Road]</p>

<p>If drivers see animals or livestock, they should slow down and <strong>follow directions from the person in charge of the animals</strong>. [Near Animals; Laws and Rules of the Road]</p>

<p><strong>Diamond-shaped placards on a truck</strong> mean that the truck is <strong>carrying hazardous materials</strong> (gas, explosives, etc.).</p>

<p><strong>Two sets of solid double yellow lines spaced two or more feet apart</strong> are considered a <strong>barrier</strong>. Do not drive on or over this barrier or make a left turn or U-turn across it, except at designated openings. [Line Colors; Lane Controls]</p>

<p>A <strong>flashing yellow arrow</strong> signal means that turns are permitted. However, you must first yield to pedestrians and oncoming traffic and then proceed with caution. [Traffic Signal Lights; Traffic Controls]</p>

<p>A <strong>double solid white line separates two lanes traveling in the same direction</strong>, but <strong>crossing the line is prohibited</strong>. Double solid white lines are often used on highways to separate a high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane from other lanes traveling in the same direction. [Line Colors; Lane Control]</p>

<p>A <strong>solid white line between lanes of traffic</strong> means that you should stay in your lane unless a special situation requires you to change lanes. [Line Colors; Lane Control]</p>

<p>At intersections without a stop sign or yield sign, yield to pedestrians, vehicles, and bicycles on the through road. They have the right-of-way. [Traffic Signs; Traffic Controls]</p>

<p>On two-lane undivided highways, the maximum speed limit for vehicles towing trailers is 55 mph unless otherwise posted. [Maximum Speed Limit; Laws and Rules of the Road]</p>

<p>A roundabout is an intersection where traffic travels around the central island in a counterclockwise direction. [Roundabouts; Laws and Rules of the Road]</p>

<p>Left turns at a red light can only be made from a one-way street onto a left-moving, one-way street, and only if there is no sign to prohibit the turn. Yield to pedestrians, bicyclists, and other vehicles moving on their green light. (Note: The laws on left turns at a red light may be different in some other states.) [Left Turns; Turns]</p>

<p>When you are involved in a collision, you must report it to the DMV within 10 days, if more than $1,000 in damage was done to the property of any person or if anyone was injured (no matter how slightly) or killed. [Reporting a Collision; Collisions Are Not Accidents]</p>

<p><strong>If your vehicle starts to hydroplane, slow down gradually, but do not apply the brakes</strong>. [Driving Hazards; Special Driving Situations]</p>

<p>If you brake hard at a high speed, the force of the brakes may exceed the tires&#39; grip of the road. The wheels will lock and the vehicle will skid, no matter which way the steering wheel is turned. To recover from the skid, take your foot off the brake pedal to unlock the wheels. Then straighten the front wheels as the vehicle begins to straighten out. Slow the vehicle gradually until you are at a safe speed to continue driving. [Locked Wheel Skids; Handling Emergencies]</p>

<p>However, if you must drive in fog, drive slowly and use your low-beam headlights. The light from high beams will tend to reflect back and cause glare. [Use Your Headlights; Safe Driving Practices]</p>

<p>Turning on your right turn signal lets the officer know that you recognize his or her presence. Do not stop on the center median. [What a Driver Should Do During an Enforcement Stop; Special Driving Situations]</p>

<p>a yield sign, a red-and-white triangle pointing downward. It indicates that drivers must slow down and be ready to stop, if necessary, to let any vehicle or pedestrian pass.</p>

<p><strong>At 55 mph</strong>, under good conditions, <strong>your vehicle will travel about 400 feet in the time that it takes you to react to an object in your path and bring your vehicle to a complete stop</strong>. A football field (including the two end zones) is 360 feet long. Under poor driving conditions (bad weather, bad tires, etc.), it may take even longer to stop your vehicle. [How Well Can You Stop?; Visual Search</p>

<p><strong>A steady red arrow signal means you must stop and you cannot turn in the direction of the arrow</strong>. You may proceed only when the red arrow goes off and a green arrow or light comes on. [Traffic Signal Lights; Traffic Controls]</p>

<p>This five-sided sign depicting persons carrying schoolbooks indicates a school zone. Stop when children are in the crosswalk.</p>

<p>-—<br/>
To turn left from a one-way street onto another one-way street, begin the turn from the left lane and make the turn into any lane that is safely open. (Note that in some other states, you may be required to turn into the left lane.) [Examples of Right and Left Turns; Turns]</p>

<p>Under California law, if you are found guilty of driving without wearing a seat belt, you will be fined up to $20 for a first offense and up to $50 for each subsequent offense.</p>

<p>If you are convicted of seriously injuring someone while attempting to evade a police pursuit, you may be fined $2,000 – $10,000, sentenced to state prison for up to seven years, or both. [Evading a Peace Officer, Administrative, California Driver Handbook]</p>

<p>U-turns are permitted across double yellow lines when it is safe to do so. They are not permitted on one-way streets or at railroad crossings. [Line Colors; Lane Control]</p>

<p>You should cut your speed in half when the road is packed with snow. You should also reduce your speed on wet or icy roads, but by different amounts. [Driving in Rain or Snow; Special Driving Situations]</p>

<p>Yellow lines are also used as left-edge lines on one-way roadways.</p>

<p>Two solid yellow lines indicate no passing. You may not cross these lines except to make a left turn. However, in California, there is one exception to this usual rule: You may drive to the left of these lines if you are in a carpool/HOV lane that has a designated entrance on the left. [Line Colors; Lane Control]</p>

<p>You must not follow within 300 feet of any emergency vehicle with a siren or flashing lights. The length of a football playing field (i.e., without the two end zones) is 300 feet. [Emergency Vehicles; Sharing the Road]</p>

<p>Black diagonal stripes on yellow background: This is an object marker sign, which is used to notify drivers of objects in the roadway or very close to the edge of the roadway. The stripes point downward toward the safe side of the roadway. This sign indicates that you should keep right to pass the object.</p>

<p>Any person, while operating a motor vehicle, who willfully flees or attempts to evade a peace officer performing their duties is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year. [Evading a Peace Officer; Administrative]</p>

<p>A white line separates two lanes traveling in the same direction. If it&#39;s a broken line, you may cross it to pass or change lanes. If it&#39;s a solid line, you should usually stay in your lane.</p>

<p>The right edges of many roadways are marked with a solid white line. This line indicates the outer edge of the roadway, and it may be crossed only by traffic moving to or from the shoulder. The left edge is marked with a yellow line. [Line Colors; Lane Control]</p>

<p>In California, reckless driving is defined as driving in wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property, and it&#39;s a criminal offense. If you are convicted of reckless driving, you will be fined beween $145 and $1,000, sentenced to jail for 5 to 90 days, or both; and two points will be added to your driving record. However, if you are convicted of reckless driving that resulted in injury to someone, you will be fined beween $220 and $1,000, sentenced to jail for between 30 days and six months, or both; your license will be revoked; and two points will be added to your driving record. [Speed Contests/Reckless Driving, Administrative, California Driver Handbook], [CVC § 23103], [CVC § 23104]</p>

<p>In California, you must not park within 7½ feet of a railroad track. (Note that trains are at least six feet wider than the tracks they run on.) [Illegal Parking; Parking]</p>

<p>a center left-turn lane. It is marked by parallel solid and broken yellow lines and is sometimes accompanied by white arrows on the pavement. [Center Left Turn Lanes; Lane Control; California Driver Handbook]</p>

<p>Distracted driving may lead to a collision. Stay as far away as possible from distracted drivers.</p>

<p>A limit line (also known as a stop line) is a wide white line painted across a traffic lane, showing where you must stop for a traffic signal or stop sign. (NOT A CROSSWALK LINE)</p>

<p>When you park and leave your vehicle on a highway or street, roll up the windows, stop the engine, lock the ignition, remove the key, set the parking brake (even if your car has an automatic transmission), and lock the doors. [Vehicle Theft Prevention Tips</p>

<p>Intersections are the most likely places for car/motorcycle collisions to occur.</p>

<p>Use your high beams whenever there are no oncoming vehicles nearby. High beams allow you to see twice as far as low beams. Be sure to use high beams on unfamiliar roads, in construction areas, or where there may be people on the side of the road. However, use low beams in fog, snow, or heavy rain, because light from the high beams reflects off such precipitation and causes glare.</p>

<p>An intersection is considered “blind” if there are no stop signs on any corner and you cannot see for 100 feet in either direction during the last 100 feet before crossing. In California, the speed limit for going through a blind intersection is 15 mph. [Reduced Speeds; Speed Limits;</p>

<p>This sign indicates that all vehicles must go straight. No turn from this lane is allowed. [White Regulatory Signs; Traffic Signs; Traffic Controls;</p>

<p>Regulatory devices tell you to stop, proceed in a certain direction, or limit your speed. All regulatory devices indicate actions required by the driver. Failure to comply is subject to penalty. [Regulatory Signs; Traffic Signs; Traffic Controls;</p>

<p>If you are overtaking a bicycle and an oncoming vehicle is approaching, you must slow down and let the vehicle pass first. Then you can leave extra room for the bicycle.</p>

<p>If you are overtaking a bicycle and an oncoming vehicle is approaching, you must slow down and let the vehicle pass first. Then you can leave extra room for the bicycle.</p>

<p>The first rule for a safe and legal turn is to move into the proper lane well before the turn. To turn left, move into the far left lane. To turn right, move into the far right lane. [Turns; Lane Control</p>

<p>If you are approaching a stop sign, you must stop at the solid white limit line (also known as a stop line). If there is no limit line, stop before entering the crosswalk on your side of the intersection.</p>

<p>Hills and curves on rural roads are often steeper and sharper than on highways. Before reaching the crest of a hill or before entering a curve, slow down, move to the right side of the road, and watch for oncoming vehicles.</p>

<p>If you plan to turn beyond an intersection, start signaling when you are in the intersection. If you signal too early, the other driver may think you plan to turn into the intersection and he or she may pull out in front of you.</p>

<p>When you turn off a high-speed, two-lane roadway, try not to slow down too quickly. Use your turn signals to let other drivers know your intentions. Tap your brakes and reduce your speed quickly but safely. [Space to Merge; Vehicle Positioning;</p>

<p>You should not attempt to pass another vehicle when you are approaching or moving through an intersection or crosswalk. [Passing Lanes; Lane Control;</p>

<p><strong>White lines separate lanes of traffic that are going in the same direction. Yellow lines separate opposing lanes</strong>. [Examples of Lane Markings; Lane Control;</p>

<p>Motorcyclists need a full lane width, just like other vehicles. Car drivers should never drive alongside a motorcycle in the same lane even if the lane is wide and the motorcyclist is riding to one side.</p>

<p>Narrow streets are a source of crashes. Unless it is prohibited, drivers must use the three-point turn to turn around on a narrow street.</p>

<p>Single solid yellow lines are used as left-edge lines on divided highways.</p>

<p>A steady yellow light indicates that a red light is coming next. You must stop if you can do so safely. Otherwise, slow down, proceed with caution into the intersection, and then clear the intersection. [Traffic Signal Lights; Traffic Controls;</p>

<p>An interchange is the connection of a freeway to a road or another freeway by a series of ramps. The connecting roadways allow you to leave one road and enter another safely without disrupting the flow of traffic. [Know What is Ahead; Visual Search</p>

<p>A steady yellow arrow warns drivers that the time period of “protected” turning is ending. Be prepared to obey the next signal, which could be a green or red light or a red arrow. If you are approaching the intersection, you must stop. [Traffic Signal Lights; Traffic Controls;</p>

<p>If a driver extends his or her left arm out horizontally, it means that the driver is going to make a left turn.</p>

<p>When turning right into a two-way street, begin and end the turn in the lane nearest to the right edge of the road.</p>

<p>3 left-arrow flashing arrow panel: This sequential arrow panel may be used in work zones around the clock. It indicates that <strong>part of the road or street ahead is closed</strong>.</p>

<p>The right edges of many roadways are marked with a solid white line. This line indicates the outer edge of the roadway, and it may be crossed only by traffic moving to or from the shoulder. The left edge is marked with a yellow line. [Line Colors;</p>

<p>When you are parallel parked on the right-hand side of the street, you must signal a left turn and look over your left shoulder before pulling out into traffic. If you are parallel parked on the left-hand side of a one-way street, signal a right turn and look over your right shoulder before moving into traffic.</p>

<p>On a two-way roadway with a center lane, drivers from either direction can _________ from the center lane. Drivers from either direction may use the center lane for left turns and permitted U-turns. [Examples of Right and left Turns; Turns; Lane Control</p>

<p>A sign shaped like a downward-pointing triangle is a yield sign. When you see a yield sign, you must slow down and yield to approaching traffic.</p>

<p>With any turning vehicle, the rear wheels follow a shorter path than the front wheels. The longer the vehicle is, the greater the difference will be. Trucks and other large vehicles may initially swing out before making a turn. If you see a truck move left, don&#39;t try to pass it on its right; the truck may be about to turn right. Check its turn signals.</p>

<p>A triangular orange emblem on the rear of a vehicle identifies it as a slow-moving vehicle, which California defines as a vehicle that cannot travel faster than 25 mph. Slow-moving vehicles are required by law to display this emblem. Slow-moving vehicles include farm tractors and road maintenance vehicles.</p>

<p>A variety of vehicles can flash yellow lights. Flashing yellow lights on tow trucks and slow-moving vehicles warn you to slow down. However, some school buses flash yellow lights when preparing to stop to let children on or off the bus. These lights warn you to slow down and prepare to stop. When the school bus flashes red lights, you must stop and remain stopped until the children have left and the red lights stop flashing.</p>

<p>Double solid yellow lines mark the center of a road and separate opposing lanes. Passing is not allowed in either direction. Drivers may not cross the lines unless they are making a left turn. [Line Colors; Lane Controls;</p>

<p>When adjusting your seat, you should allow <strong>10”</strong> between the chest and steering wheel.</p>

<p>If you double your speed on a highway, your braking distance increases by 4 times.</p>

<p>An average 140-pound woman will become legally intoxicated after consuming <em>2</em> alcoholic drink(s). An average 180-pound man will become legally intoxicated after consuming <em>2</em> alcoholic drinks.</p>

<p>A white line separates two lanes traveling in the same direction. If it&#39;s a broken line, you may cross it to pass or change lanes. If it&#39;s a solid line, you should usually stay in your lane.</p>

<p>This is an object marker sign, which is used to notify drivers of objects in the roadway or very close to the edge of the roadway. The stripes point downward toward the safe side of the roadway. This sign indicates that you should keep right to pass the object.</p>

<p>Any person, while operating a motor vehicle, who willfully flees or attempts to evade a peace officer performing their duties is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year.</p>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2019 23:40:01 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Nextcloud 16.04.1 Install on Debian 9</title>
      <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/nextcloud-16-04-1-install-on-debian-9?pk_campaign=rss-feed</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[logger&#xA;&#xA;Be sure to regularly login to Nextcloud as admin as there are frequent app updates.&#xA;&#xA;Note the problems that having headers configured in both .htaccess and the apache conf files: https://help.nextcloud.com/t/nextcloud-17-false-warnings/61024&#xA;&#xA;Upgrade to 17.0 from 16.0.5 | Nextcloud notes | nc Docker notes |&#xA;&#xA;Install procedures were customized from this nextcloud source.!--more--&#xA;&#xA;The native Debian install had lot of cautionary messages in admin Overview panel but the Docker version just had these. Followup with this article.&#xA;&#xA;The &#34;X-Content-Type-Options&#34; HTTP header is not set to &#34;nosniff&#34;. This is a potential security or privacy risk, as it is recommended to adjust this setting accordingly.&#xA;The &#34;X-Frame-Options&#34; HTTP header is not set to &#34;SAMEORIGIN&#34;. This is a potential security or privacy risk, as it is recommended to adjust this setting accordingly.&#xA;The &#34;Strict-Transport-Security&#34; HTTP header is not set to at least &#34;15552000&#34; seconds. For enhanced security, it is recommended to enable HSTS as described in the security tips ↗.&#xA;&#xA;Docker container Nextcloud self-signed SSL certificate info&#xA;\-----&#xA;&#xA;2019-09-10 Initially used a Docker container for Nextcloud, but I later thought it was too much of a hassle to keep it up to date and rebuilding it for updates which involved numerous layered images. So I decided to try a native install with Apache, PHP, and Sqlite3.  &#xA;First installed Apache 2.4.25 default debian package  &#xA;Installed the sury.org php 7.3.9 package (cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ondrej.list). See linuxize instructions.  &#xA;Created a self-signed SSL certificate. The initial SSL self-signed certificate creation worked in Docker nextcloud container, but did not work when I next installed apache2 on compute-engine and tried to set up https. Couldn&#39;t get it to work or figure out why it didn&#39;t work. So I completely removed apache2, and the apache self-signed certificate in /etc/ssl/certs. Then made a copy of the following files from docker nextcloud container: 000-default.conf  apache-selfsigned.crt  apache-selfsigned.key  default-ssl.conf  ssl-params.conf. Then redid the procedures with those files and using these procedures. This worked!&#xA;&#xA;2019-09-20 Did a manual install of nextcloud 16.04.1 on Google Compute Engine, Debian 9 instance using these instructions.&#xA;&#xA;Prerequisites for manual installation&#xA;&#xA;The Nextcloud .tar or .zip archive contains all of the required PHP modules. This section lists all required and optional PHP modules. Consult the PHP manual for more information on modules. Your Linux distribution should have packages for all required modules. You can check the presence of a module by typing php -m | grep -i modulename. If you get a result, the module is present.&#xA;&#xA;Required:&#xA;&#xA;PHP (7.1, 7.2 or 7.3)&#xA;PHP module ctype&#xA;PHP module curl&#xA;PHP module dom&#xA;PHP module GD&#xA;PHP module iconv&#xA;PHP module JSON&#xA;PHP module libxml (Linux package libxml2 must be   =2.7.0)&#xA;PHP module mbstring&#xA;PHP module openssl&#xA;PHP module posix&#xA;PHP module session&#xA;PHP module SimpleXML&#xA;PHP module XMLReader&#xA;PHP module XMLWriter&#xA;PHP module zip&#xA;PHP module zlib&#xA;&#xA;Database connectors (pick the one for your database:)&#xA;&#xA;PHP module pdosqlite (  = 3, usually not recommended for performance reasons)&#xA;PHP module pdomysql (MySQL/MariaDB)&#xA;PHP module pdopgsql (requires PostgreSQL   = 9.0)&#xA;&#xA;Recommended packages:&#xA;&#xA;PHP module fileinfo (highly recommended, enhances file analysis performance)&#xA;PHP module bz2 (recommended, required for extraction of apps)&#xA;PHP module intl (increases language translation performance and fixes sorting of non-ASCII characters)&#xA;&#xA;Required for specific apps:&#xA;&#xA;PHP module ldap (for LDAP integration)&#xA;PHP module smbclient (SMB/CIFS integration, see SMB/CIFS)&#xA;PHP module ftp (for FTP storage / external user authentication)&#xA;PHP module imap (for external user authentication)&#xA;&#xA;Recommended for specific apps (optional):&#xA;&#xA;PHP module exif (for image rotation in pictures app)&#xA;PHP module gmp (for SFTP storage)&#xA;&#xA;For enhanced server performance (optional) select one of the following memcaches:&#xA;&#xA;PHP module apcu (  = 4.0.6)&#xA;PHP module memcached&#xA;PHP module redis (  = 2.2.6, required for Transactional File Locking)&#xA;&#xA;See Memory caching to learn how to select and configure a memcache.&#xA;&#xA;For preview generation (optional):&#xA;&#xA;PHP module imagick&#xA;avconv or ffmpeg&#xA;OpenOffice or LibreOffice&#xA;&#xA;For command line processing (optional):&#xA;PHP module pcntl (enables command interruption by pressing ctrl-c)&#xA;&#xA;After completion and everything working, these are the installed PHP packages (php -m`):&#xA;curl, date, dom, exif, fileinfo, filter, ftp, gd, gettext, hash, iconv, imagick, json, libxml, mbstring, mysqli, mysqlnd, openssl, pcntl, pcre, PDO, pdomysql, pdosqlite, Phar, posix, readline, Reflection, session, shmop, SimpleXML, sockets, sodium, SPL, sqlite3, standard, sysvmsg, sysvsem, sysvshm, tokenizer, wddx, xml, xmlreader, xmlwriter, xsl, Zend OPcache, zip, zlib, [Zend Modules], Zend OPcache`&#xA;&#xA;Loaded Apache modules (sudo apachectl -M): coremodule (static), somodule (static), watchdogmodule (static), httpmodule (static), logconfigmodule (static), logiomodule (static), versionmodule (static), unixdmodule (static), accesscompatmodule (shared), aliasmodule (shared), authbasicmodule (shared), authncoremodule (shared), authnfilemodule (shared), authzcoremodule (shared), authzhostmodule (shared), authzusermodule (shared), autoindexmodule (shared), deflatemodule (shared), dirmodule (shared), envmodule (shared), filtermodule (shared), headersmodule (shared), mimemodule (shared), mpmpreforkmodule (shared), negotiationmodule (shared), php7module (shared), reqtimeoutmodule (shared), rewritemodule (shared), setenvifmodule (shared), socacheshmcbmodule (shared), sslmodule (shared), statusmodule (shared)&#xA;&#xA;You don&#39;t need the WebDAV module for your Web server (i.e. Apache&#39;s modwebdav), as Nextcloud has a built-in WebDAV server of its own, SabreDAV. If modwebdav is enabled you must disable it for Nextcloud. (See Apache Web server configuration for an example configuration.)&#xA;&#xA;Example installation on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server&#xA;&#xA;On a machine running a pristine Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server, you have three options: &#xA;&#xA;For (1) bash scripts and (2) snap packages, see original nextcloud install procedures&#xA;&#xA;(3) Debian packages: Installing Nextcloud&#xA;&#xA;Or you can use .deb packages to install the required and recommended modules for a typical Nextcloud installation, using Apache and MariaDB, by issuing the following commands in a terminal:&#xA;&#xA;`apt-get install apache2 mariadb-server libapache2-mod-php7.3&#xA;apt-get install php7.3-gd php7.3-json php7.3-mysql php7.3-curl php7.3-mbstring&#xA;apt-get install php7.3-intl php-imagick php7.3-xml php7.3-zip`&#xA;&#xA;This installs the packages for the Nextcloud core system. libapache2-mod-php7.3 provides the following PHP extensions:&#xA;&#xA;bcmath bz2 calendar Core ctype date dba dom ereg exif fileinfo filter ftp gettext hash iconv libxml mhash openssl pcre Phar posix Reflection session shmop SimpleXML soap sockets SPL standard sysvmsg sysvsem sysvshm tokenizer wddx xmlreader xmlwriter zlib&#xA;&#xA;If you are planning on running additional apps, keep in mind that they might require additional packages. See Prerequisites for manual installation for details.&#xA;&#xA;At the installation of the MySQL/MariaDB server, you will be prompted to create a root password. Be sure to remember your password as you will need it during Nextcloud database setup.&#xA;&#xA;Now download the archive of the latest Nextcloud version:&#xA;&#xA;Go to the Nextcloud Download Page.&#xA;&#xA;Go to Download Nextcloud Server   Download   Archive file for server owners and download either the tar.bz2 or .zip archive.&#xA;&#xA;This downloads a file named nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2 or nextcloud-x.y.z.zip (where x.y.z is the version number).&#xA;&#xA;Download its corresponding checksum file, e.g. nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.md5, or nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.sha256.&#xA;&#xA;Verify the MD5 or SHA256 sum:&#xA;&#xA;    `md5sum -c nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.md5 &lt; nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2&#xA;    sha256sum -c nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.sha256 &lt; nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2&#xA;    md5sum  -c nextcloud-x.y.z.zip.md5 &lt; nextcloud-x.y.z.zip&#xA;    sha256sum  -c nextcloud-x.y.z.zip.sha256 &lt; nextcloud-x.y.z.zip`&#xA;&#xA;You may also verify the PGP signature:&#xA;&#xA;        wget https://nextcloud.com/nextcloud.asc  &#xA;    gpg --import nextcloud.asc  &#xA;    gpg --verify nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.asc nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2Now you can extract the archive contents. Run the appropriate unpacking command for your archive type. Copy the content over to the root directory of your webserver. In our case, we are using apache so it will be /var/www/html/:&#xA;&#xA;    tar -xjf nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2  &#xA;    unzip nextcloud-x.y.z.zip  (I did the zip file) Or: unzip nextcloud-*.zip&#xA;&#xA;This unpacks to a single nextcloud directory. Copy the Nextcloud directory to its final destination. &#xA;&#xA;    cp -rp nextcloud /var/www/html  (I did this; it copies with recursion preserving mode, ownership, timestamps) Or with the tar file in /var/www/html, just unzip it.&#xA;&#xA;During the install process, no data folder is created, so we will create one manually to help with the installation wizard: mkdir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data&#xA;&#xA;Make sure that apache has read and write access to the whole nextcloud folder:&#xA;&#xA;chown -R www-data:root /var/www/html/nextcloud  (this duplicated the Docker ownership; it did not work as root:root). Note that the nextcloud data folder and all files in it have www-data:www-data ownership.&#xA;&#xA;Restart apache: sudo systemctl restart apache2&#xA;&#xA;Create a firewall rule for access to apache:&#xA;&#xA;`firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http --permanent&#xA;firewall-cmd --reload`&#xA;&#xA;Note: If you use this tutorial, and you see warnings in the web browser after installation about OPcache not being enabled or configured correctly, you need to make the suggested changes in /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.d/10-opcache.ini for the errors to disappear. These warnings will be on the Admin page, under Basic settings.&#xA;&#xA;Because we used Redis as a memcache, you will need a config similar to the following example in /var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php which is auto-generated when you run the online installation wizard mentioned earlier.&#xA;&#xA;Example config:&#xA;&#xA;&#39;memcache.distributed&#39; =  &#39;\OC\Memcache\Redis&#39;,&#xA;&#39;memcache.locking&#39; =  &#39;\OC\Memcache\Redis&#39;,&#xA;&#39;memcache.local&#39; =  &#39;\OC\Memcache\APCu&#39;,&#xA;&#39;redis&#39; =  array(&#xA;  &#39;host&#39; =  &#39;localhost&#39;,&#xA;  &#39;port&#39; =  6379,&#xA;),&#xA;&#xA;Remember, this tutorial is only for a basic setup of Nextcloud with PHP 7.3. If you are going to use more features like LDAP or Single Sign On, you will need additional PHP modules as well as extra configurations. So please visit the rest of the Admin manual, Introduction, for detailed descriptions on how to get this done.&#xA;&#xA;Apache Web server configuration&#xA;&#xA;On Debian, Ubuntu, and their derivatives, Apache installs with a useful configuration so all you have to do is create a /etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf file with these lines in it, replacing the Directory and other filepaths with your own filepaths: Alias /nextcloud &#34;/var/www/nextcloud/&#34;&#xA;&#xA;Directory /var/www/nextcloud/&#xA;  Require all granted&#xA;  Options FollowSymlinks MultiViews&#xA;  AllowOverride All&#xA;&#xA; IfModule moddav.c&#xA;  Dav off&#xA; /IfModule&#xA;&#xA; SetEnv HOME /var/www/nextcloud&#xA; SetEnv HTTPHOME /var/www/nextcloud&#xA;&#xA;/Directory&#xA;&#xA;Then enable the newly created site: a2ensite nextcloud.conf&#xA;&#xA;Additional Apache configurations&#xA;&#xA;For Nextcloud to work correctly, we need the module modrewrite. Enable it by running: a2enmod rewrite&#xA;&#xA;    Additional recommended modules are modheaders, modenv, moddir and modmime:&#xA;&#xA;    a2enmod headers&#xA;    a2enmod env&#xA;    a2enmod dir&#xA;    a2enmod mime&#xA;&#xA;    If you&#39;re running modfcgi instead of the standard modphp also enable: a2enmod setenvif&#xA;&#xA;You must disable any server-configured authentication for Nextcloud, as it uses Basic authentication internally for DAV services. If you have turned on authentication on a parent folder (via e.g. an AuthType Basic directive), you can turn off the authentication specifically for the Nextcloud entry. Following the above example configuration file, add the following line in the Directory section:&#xA;&#xA;    Satisfy Any&#xA;&#xA;When using SSL, take special note of the ServerName. You should specify one in the server configuration, as well as in the CommonName field of the certificate. If you want your Nextcloud to be reachable via the internet, then set both of these to the domain you want to reach your Nextcloud server.&#xA;&#xA;Now restart Apache: sudo systemctl restart apache2&#xA;&#xA;If you&#39;re running Nextcloud in a subdirectory and want to use CalDAV or CardDAV clients make sure you have configured the correct Service discovery URLs.&#xA;&#xA;Pretty URLs  (I didn&#39;t do this)&#xA;&#xA;Pretty URLs remove the index.php-part in all Nextcloud URLs, for example in sharing links like https://example.org/nextcloud/index.php/s/Sv1b7krAUqmF8QQ, making URLs shorter and thus prettier.&#xA;&#xA;modenv and modrewrite must be installed on your webserver and the .htaccess must be writable by the HTTP user. Then you can set in the config.php two variables:&#xA;&#xA;&#39;overwrite.cli.url&#39; =  &#39;https://example.org/nextcloud&#39;,&#xA;&#39;htaccess.RewriteBase&#39; =  &#39;/nextcloud&#39;,&#xA;&#xA;If your setup is available on https://example.org/nextcloud or:&#xA;&#xA;&#39;overwrite.cli.url&#39; =  &#39;https://example.org/&#39;,&#xA;&#39;htaccess.RewriteBase&#39; =  &#39;/&#39;,&#xA;&#xA;if it isn&#39;t installed in a subfolder. Finally run this occ-command to update your .htaccess file:&#xA;&#xA;sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occ maintenance:update:htaccess&#xA;&#xA;After each update, these changes are automatically applied to the .htaccess-file.&#xA;&#xA;Enabling SSL&#xA;&#xA;These procedures worked for a self-signed SSL certificate.&#xA;&#xA;You can use Nextcloud over plain HTTP, but we strongly encourage you to use SSL/TLS to encrypt all of your server traffic, and to protect user&#39;s logins and data in transit.&#xA;&#xA;Apache installed under Ubuntu comes already set-up with a simple self-signed certificate. All you have to do is to enable the ssl module and the default site (this is probably the snake oil certificate?). Open a terminal and run:&#xA;&#xA;`a2enmod ssl&#xA;a2ensite default-ssl&#xA;service apache2 reload`&#xA;&#xA;Self-signed certificates have their drawbacks - especially when you plan to make your Nextcloud server publicly accessible. You might want to consider getting a certificate signed by a commercial signing authority. Check with your domain name registrar or hosting service for good deals on commercial certificates.&#xA;&#xA;Installation wizard&#xA;&#xA;After restarting Apache you must complete your installation by running either the graphical Installation Wizard, or on the command line with the occ command. To enable this, change the ownership on your Nextcloud directories to your HTTP user:&#xA;&#xA;chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/  (see note above re the ownerships I actually used, which were the same as in the Docker container)&#xA;&#xA;Note&#xA;&#xA;To use occ see Installing from command line.&#xA;&#xA;To use the graphical Installation Wizard see Installation wizard.]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://jdlinks.x10host.com/logger.php" rel="nofollow">logger</a></p>

<p>Be sure to regularly login to Nextcloud as admin as there are frequent app updates.</p>

<p>Note the problems that having headers configured in both .htaccess and the apache conf files: <a href="https://help.nextcloud.com/t/nextcloud-17-false-warnings/61024" rel="nofollow">https://help.nextcloud.com/t/nextcloud-17-false-warnings/61024</a></p>

<p><a href="https://wordsmith.social/e5gstexp0i" rel="nofollow">Upgrade to 17.0 from 16.0.5</a> | <a href="https://write.as/jwc/nextcloud-notes" rel="nofollow">Nextcloud notes</a> | <a href="https://write.as/jwc/nextcloud-docker-notes" rel="nofollow">nc Docker notes</a> |</p>

<p>Install procedures were customized from this <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#example-installation-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-server" rel="nofollow">nextcloud source</a>.</p>

<p>The native Debian install had lot of cautionary messages in admin Overview panel but the Docker version just had these. Followup with <a href="https://geekflare.com/http-header-implementation/" rel="nofollow">this article</a>.</p>
<ul><li>The “X-Content-Type-Options” HTTP header is not set to “nosniff”. This is a potential security or privacy risk, as it is recommended to adjust this setting accordingly.</li>
<li>The “X-Frame-Options” HTTP header is not set to “SAMEORIGIN”. This is a potential security or privacy risk, as it is recommended to adjust this setting accordingly.</li>
<li>The “Strict-Transport-Security” HTTP header is not set to at least “15552000” seconds. For enhanced security, it is recommended to enable HSTS as described in the <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/go.php?to=admin-security" rel="nofollow">security tips ↗</a>.</li></ul>

<p><a href="https://jdevnotes.netlify.com/nextcloud-self-signed-ssl-certificate.txt" rel="nofollow">Docker container Nextcloud self-signed SSL certificate info</a>
-——</p>

<p>2019-09-10 Initially used a Docker container for Nextcloud, but I later thought it was too much of a hassle to keep it up to date and rebuilding it for updates which involved numerous layered images. So I decided to try a native install with Apache, PHP, and Sqlite3.<br/>
First installed Apache 2.4.25 default debian package<br/>
Installed the <a href="https://deb.sury.org/" rel="nofollow">sury.org</a> php 7.3.9 package (<code>cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ondrej.list</code>). See <a href="https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-php-on-debian-9/" rel="nofollow">linuxize instructions</a>.<br/>
Created a self-signed SSL certificate. The initial SSL self-signed certificate creation worked in Docker nextcloud container, but did not work when I next installed apache2 on compute-engine and tried to set up https. Couldn&#39;t get it to work or figure out why it didn&#39;t work. So I completely removed apache2, and the apache self-signed certificate in /etc/ssl/certs. Then made a copy of the following files from docker nextcloud container: 000-default.conf  apache-selfsigned.crt  apache-selfsigned.key  default-ssl.conf  ssl-params.conf. Then redid the procedures with those files and using <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-create-a-self-signed-ssl-certificate-for-apache-in-debian-9" rel="nofollow">these procedures</a>. This worked!</p>

<p>2019-09-20 Did a manual install of nextcloud 16.04.1 on Google Compute Engine, Debian 9 instance using these instructions.</p>

<h3 id="prerequisites-for-manual-installation-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-prerequisites-for-manual-installation-permalink-to-this-headline" id="prerequisites-for-manual-installation-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-prerequisites-for-manual-installation-permalink-to-this-headline"><a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#prerequisites-for-manual-installation" title="Permalink to this headline" rel="nofollow">Prerequisites for manual installation</a></h3>

<p>The Nextcloud .tar or .zip archive contains all of the required PHP modules. This section lists all required and optional PHP modules. Consult the <a href="http://php.net/manual/en/extensions.php" rel="nofollow">PHP manual</a> for more information on modules. Your Linux distribution should have packages for all required modules. You can check the presence of a module by typing <code>php -m | grep -i &lt;module_name&gt;</code>. If you get a result, the module is present.</p>

<p>Required:</p>
<ul><li>PHP (7.1, 7.2 or <strong>7.3</strong>)</li>
<li>PHP module ctype</li>
<li>PHP module curl</li>
<li>PHP module dom</li>
<li>PHP module GD</li>
<li>PHP module iconv</li>
<li>PHP module JSON</li>
<li>PHP module libxml (Linux package libxml2 must be &gt;=2.7.0)</li>
<li>PHP module mbstring</li>
<li>PHP module openssl</li>
<li>PHP module posix</li>
<li>PHP module session</li>
<li>PHP module SimpleXML</li>
<li>PHP module XMLReader</li>
<li>PHP module XMLWriter</li>
<li>PHP module zip</li>
<li>PHP module zlib</li></ul>

<p>Database connectors (pick the one for your database:)</p>
<ul><li>PHP module pdo_sqlite (&gt;= 3, usually not recommended for performance reasons)</li>
<li>PHP module pdo_mysql (MySQL/MariaDB)</li>
<li>PHP module pdo_pgsql (requires PostgreSQL &gt;= 9.0)</li></ul>

<p><em>Recommended</em> packages:</p>
<ul><li>PHP module fileinfo (highly recommended, enhances file analysis performance)</li>
<li>PHP module bz2 (recommended, required for extraction of apps)</li>
<li>PHP module intl (increases language translation performance and fixes sorting of non-ASCII characters)</li></ul>

<p>Required for specific apps:</p>
<ul><li>PHP module ldap (for LDAP integration)</li>
<li>PHP module smbclient (SMB/CIFS integration, see <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/configuration_files/external_storage/smb.html" rel="nofollow">SMB/CIFS</a>)</li>
<li>PHP module ftp (for FTP storage / external user authentication)</li>
<li>PHP module imap (for external user authentication)</li></ul>

<p>Recommended for specific apps (<em>optional</em>):</p>
<ul><li>PHP module exif (for image rotation in pictures app)</li>
<li>PHP module gmp (for SFTP storage)</li></ul>

<p>For enhanced server performance (<em>optional</em>) select one of the following memcaches:</p>
<ul><li>PHP module apcu (&gt;= 4.0.6)</li>
<li>PHP module memcached</li>
<li>PHP module redis (&gt;= 2.2.6, required for Transactional File Locking)</li></ul>

<p>See <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/configuration_server/caching_configuration.html" rel="nofollow">Memory caching</a> to learn how to select and configure a memcache.</p>

<p>For preview generation (<em>optional</em>):</p>
<ul><li>PHP module imagick</li>
<li>avconv or ffmpeg</li>
<li>OpenOffice or LibreOffice</li></ul>

<p>For command line processing (<em>optional</em>):
–   PHP module pcntl (enables command interruption by pressing <code>ctrl-c</code>)</p>

<p><strong><code>After completion and everything working, these are the installed PHP packages (</code>php -m<code>):
curl, date, dom, exif, fileinfo, filter, ftp, gd, gettext, hash, iconv, imagick, json, libxml, mbstring, mysqli, mysqlnd, openssl, pcntl, pcre, PDO, pdo_mysql, pdo_sqlite, Phar, posix, readline, Reflection, session, shmop, SimpleXML, sockets, sodium, SPL, sqlite3, standard, sysvmsg, sysvsem, sysvshm, tokenizer, wddx, xml, xmlreader, xmlwriter, xsl, Zend OPcache, zip, zlib, [Zend Modules], Zend OPcache</code></strong></p>

<p><strong><code>Loaded Apache modules (</code>sudo apachectl -M<code>): core_module (static), so_module (static), watchdog_module (static), http_module (static), log_config_module (static), logio_module (static), version_module (static), unixd_module (static), access_compat_module (shared), alias_module (shared), auth_basic_module (shared), authn_core_module (shared), authn_file_module (shared), authz_core_module (shared), authz_host_module (shared), authz_user_module (shared), autoindex_module (shared), deflate_module (shared), dir_module (shared), env_module (shared), filter_module (shared), headers_module (shared), mime_module (shared), mpm_prefork_module (shared), negotiation_module (shared), php7_module (shared), reqtimeout_module (shared), rewrite_module (shared), setenvif_module (shared), socache_shmcb_module (shared), ssl_module (shared), status_module (shared)</code></strong></p>

<p>You don&#39;t need the WebDAV module for your Web server (i.e. Apache&#39;s <code>mod_webdav</code>), as Nextcloud has a built-in WebDAV server of its own, SabreDAV. If <code>mod_webdav</code> is enabled you must disable it for Nextcloud. (See <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#apache-configuration-label" rel="nofollow">Apache Web server configuration</a> for an example configuration.)</p>

<h3 id="example-installation-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-server-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-example-installation-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-server-permalink-to-this-headline" id="example-installation-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-server-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-example-installation-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-server-permalink-to-this-headline"><a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#example-installation-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-server" title="Permalink to this headline" rel="nofollow">Example installation on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server</a></h3>

<p>On a machine running a pristine Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server, you have three options:</p>

<p>For (1) bash scripts and (2) snap packages, see original <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#example-installation-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-server" rel="nofollow">nextcloud install procedures</a></p>

<p><strong>(3) Debian packages: Installing Nextcloud</strong></p>

<p>Or you can use .deb packages to install the required and recommended modules for a typical Nextcloud installation, using Apache and MariaDB, by issuing the following commands in a terminal:</p>

<p><code>apt-get install apache2 mariadb-server libapache2-mod-php7.3
apt-get install php7.3-gd php7.3-json php7.3-mysql php7.3-curl php7.3-mbstring
apt-get install php7.3-intl php-imagick php7.3-xml php7.3-zip</code></p>

<p>This installs the packages for the Nextcloud core system. <code>libapache2-mod-php7.3</code> provides the following PHP extensions:</p>

<p>bcmath bz2 calendar Core ctype date dba dom ereg exif fileinfo filter ftp gettext hash iconv libxml mhash openssl pcre Phar posix Reflection session shmop SimpleXML soap sockets SPL standard sysvmsg sysvsem sysvshm tokenizer wddx xmlreader xmlwriter zlib</p>

<p>If you are planning on running additional apps, keep in mind that they might require additional packages. See <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#prerequisites-label" rel="nofollow">Prerequisites for manual installation</a> for details.</p>
<ul><li>At the installation of the MySQL/MariaDB server, you will be prompted to create a root password. Be sure to remember your password as you will need it during Nextcloud database setup.</li></ul>

<p>Now download the archive of the latest Nextcloud version:</p>
<ul><li><p>Go to the <a href="https://nextcloud.com/install" rel="nofollow">Nextcloud Download Page</a>.</p></li>

<li><p>Go to <strong>Download Nextcloud Server &gt; Download &gt; Archive file for server owners</strong> and download either the tar.bz2 or <strong>.zip archive</strong>.</p></li>

<li><p>This downloads a file named nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2 or <strong>nextcloud-x.y.z.zip</strong> (where x.y.z is the version number).</p></li>

<li><p>Download its corresponding checksum file, e.g. nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.md5, or nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.sha256.</p></li>

<li><p>Verify the MD5 or SHA256 sum:</p>

<p><code>md5sum -c nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.md5 &lt; nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2
sha256sum -c nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.sha256 &lt; nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2
md5sum  -c nextcloud-x.y.z.zip.md5 &lt; nextcloud-x.y.z.zip
sha256sum  -c nextcloud-x.y.z.zip.sha256 &lt; nextcloud-x.y.z.zip</code></p></li>

<li><p>You may also verify the PGP signature:</p>

<p><code>wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.asc  
wget https://nextcloud.com/nextcloud.asc  
gpg --import nextcloud.asc  
gpg --verify nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2.asc nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2</code></p></li>

<li><p>Now you can extract the archive contents. Run the appropriate unpacking command for your archive type. Copy the content over to the root directory of your webserver. In our case, we are using apache so it will be <code>/var/www/html/</code>:</p>

<p>tar -xjf nextcloud-x.y.z.tar.bz2<br/>
<strong>unzip nextcloud-x.y.z.zip  (I did the zip file)</strong> Or: <code>unzip nextcloud-*.zip</code></p></li>

<li><p>This unpacks to a single <code>nextcloud</code> directory. Copy the Nextcloud directory to its final destination.</p>

<p><strong>cp -rp nextcloud /var/www/html</strong>  (I did this; it copies with recursion preserving mode, ownership, timestamps) Or with the tar file in /var/www/html, just unzip it.</p></li></ul>

<p>During the install process, no data folder is created, so we will create one manually to help with the installation wizard: <strong><code>mkdir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data</code></strong></p>

<p>Make sure that apache has read and write access to the whole nextcloud folder:</p>

<p><strong>chown -R www-data:root /var/www/html/nextcloud</strong>  (this duplicated the Docker ownership; it did not work as root:root). <strong>Note that the nextcloud data folder and all files in it have www-data:www-data ownership.</strong></p>

<p>Restart apache: <code>sudo systemctl restart apache2</code></p>

<p>Create a firewall rule for access to apache:</p>

<p><code>firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload</code></p>

<p>Note: If you use this tutorial, and you see warnings in the web browser after installation about <code>OPcache</code> not being enabled or configured correctly, you need to make the suggested changes in <code>/etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.d/10-opcache.ini</code> for the errors to disappear. These warnings will be on the Admin page, under Basic settings.</p>

<p>Because we used <code>Redis</code> as a memcache, you will need a config similar to the following example in <code>/var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php</code> which is auto-generated when you run the online installation wizard mentioned earlier.</p>

<p>Example config:</p>

<p>&#39;memcache.distributed&#39; =&gt; &#39;\OC\Memcache\Redis&#39;,
&#39;memcache.locking&#39; =&gt; &#39;\OC\Memcache\Redis&#39;,
&#39;memcache.local&#39; =&gt; &#39;\OC\Memcache\APCu&#39;,
&#39;redis&#39; =&gt; array(
  &#39;host&#39; =&gt; &#39;localhost&#39;,
  &#39;port&#39; =&gt; 6379,
),</p>

<p>Remember, this tutorial is only for a basic setup of Nextcloud with PHP 7.3. If you are going to use more features like LDAP or Single Sign On, you will need additional PHP modules as well as extra configurations. So please visit the rest of the Admin manual, <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/index.html" rel="nofollow">Introduction</a>, for detailed descriptions on how to get this done.</p>

<h3 id="apache-web-server-configuration-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-apache-web-server-configuration-permalink-to-this-headline" id="apache-web-server-configuration-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-apache-web-server-configuration-permalink-to-this-headline"><a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#apache-web-server-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline" rel="nofollow">Apache Web server configuration</a></h3>

<p><strong>On Debian, Ubuntu, and their derivatives, Apache installs with a useful configuration so all you have to do is create a <code>/etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf</code> file with these lines in it, replacing the </strong>Directory<strong> and other filepaths with your own filepaths: <code>Alias /nextcloud &#34;/var/www/nextcloud/&#34;</code></strong></p>

<pre><code>&lt;Directory /var/www/nextcloud/&gt;
  Require all granted
  Options FollowSymlinks MultiViews
  AllowOverride All

 &lt;IfModule mod_dav.c&gt;
  Dav off
 &lt;/IfModule&gt;

 SetEnv HOME /var/www/nextcloud
 SetEnv HTTP_HOME /var/www/nextcloud

&lt;/Directory&gt;
</code></pre>

<p><strong>Then enable the newly created site: <code>a2ensite nextcloud.conf</code></strong></p>

<h3 id="additional-apache-configurations-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-additional-apache-configurations-permalink-to-this-headline" id="additional-apache-configurations-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-additional-apache-configurations-permalink-to-this-headline"><a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#additional-apache-configurations" title="Permalink to this headline" rel="nofollow">Additional Apache configurations</a></h3>
<ul><li><p>For Nextcloud to work correctly, we need the module <code>mod_rewrite</code>. Enable it by running: <code>a2enmod rewrite</code></p>

<p>Additional recommended modules are <code>mod_headers</code>, <code>mod_env</code>, <code>mod_dir</code> and <code>mod_mime</code>:</p>

<p>a2enmod headers
a2enmod env
a2enmod dir
a2enmod mime</p>

<p>If you&#39;re running <code>mod_fcgi</code> instead of the standard <code>mod_php</code> also enable: <code>a2enmod setenvif</code></p></li>

<li><p>You must disable any server-configured authentication for Nextcloud, as it uses Basic authentication internally for DAV services. If you have turned on authentication on a parent folder (via e.g. an <code>AuthType Basic</code> directive), you can turn off the authentication specifically for the Nextcloud entry. Following the above example configuration file, add the following line in the <code>&lt;Directory&gt;</code> section:</p>

<p>Satisfy Any</p></li>

<li><p>When using SSL, take special note of the ServerName. You should specify one in the server configuration, as well as in the CommonName field of the certificate. If you want your Nextcloud to be reachable via the internet, then set both of these to the domain you want to reach your Nextcloud server.</p></li>

<li><p>Now restart Apache: <code>sudo systemctl restart apache2</code></p></li>

<li><p>If you&#39;re running Nextcloud in a subdirectory and want to use CalDAV or CardDAV clients make sure you have configured the correct <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/issues/general_troubleshooting.html#service-discovery-label" rel="nofollow">Service discovery</a> URLs.</p></li></ul>

<h3 id="pretty-urls-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-pretty-urls-permalink-to-this-headline-i-didn-t-do-this" id="pretty-urls-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-pretty-urls-permalink-to-this-headline-i-didn-t-do-this"><a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#pretty-urls" title="Permalink to this headline" rel="nofollow">Pretty URLs</a>  (I didn&#39;t do this)</h3>

<p>Pretty URLs remove the <code>index.php</code>-part in all Nextcloud URLs, for example in sharing links like <code>https://example.org/nextcloud/index.php/s/Sv1b7krAUqmF8QQ</code>, making URLs shorter and thus prettier.</p>

<p><code>mod_env</code> and <code>mod_rewrite</code> must be installed on your webserver and the <code>.htaccess</code> must be writable by the HTTP user. Then you can set in the <code>config.php</code> two variables:</p>

<p>&#39;overwrite.cli.url&#39; =&gt; &#39;<a href="https://example.org/nextcloud&#39;" rel="nofollow">https://example.org/nextcloud&#39;</a>,
&#39;htaccess.RewriteBase&#39; =&gt; &#39;/nextcloud&#39;,</p>

<p>If your setup is available on <code>https://example.org/nextcloud</code> or:</p>

<p>&#39;overwrite.cli.url&#39; =&gt; &#39;<a href="https://example.org/&#39;" rel="nofollow">https://example.org/&#39;</a>,
&#39;htaccess.RewriteBase&#39; =&gt; &#39;/&#39;,</p>

<p>if it isn&#39;t installed in a subfolder. Finally run this occ-command to update your .htaccess file:</p>

<p>sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occ maintenance:update:htaccess</p>

<p>After each update, these changes are automatically applied to the <code>.htaccess</code>-file.</p>

<h3 id="enabling-ssl-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-enabling-ssl-permalink-to-this-headline" id="enabling-ssl-https-docs-nextcloud-com-server-16-admin-manual-installation-source-installation-html-enabling-ssl-permalink-to-this-headline"><a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#enabling-ssl" title="Permalink to this headline" rel="nofollow">Enabling SSL</a></h3>

<p><a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-create-a-self-signed-ssl-certificate-for-apache-in-debian-9" rel="nofollow">These procedures</a> worked for a self-signed SSL certificate.</p>

<p>You can use Nextcloud over plain HTTP, but we strongly encourage you to use SSL/TLS to encrypt all of your server traffic, and to protect user&#39;s logins and data in transit.</p>

<p>Apache installed under Ubuntu comes already set-up with a simple self-signed certificate. All you have to do is to enable the ssl module and the default site (this is probably the snake oil certificate?). Open a terminal and run:</p>

<p><code>a2enmod ssl
a2ensite default-ssl
service apache2 reload</code></p>

<p>Self-signed certificates have their drawbacks – especially when you plan to make your Nextcloud server publicly accessible. You might want to consider getting a certificate signed by a commercial signing authority. Check with your domain name registrar or hosting service for good deals on commercial certificates.</p>

<p><a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#installation-wizard" title="Permalink to this headline" rel="nofollow">Installation wizard</a></p>

<p>After restarting Apache you must complete your installation by running either the graphical Installation Wizard, or on the command line with the <code>occ</code> command. To enable this, change the ownership on your Nextcloud directories to your HTTP user:</p>

<p>chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/  (see note above re the ownerships I actually used, which were the same as in the Docker container)</p>

<p><strong>Note</strong></p>

<p>To use <code>occ</code> see <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/command_line_installation.html" rel="nofollow">Installing from command line</a>.</p>

<p>To use the graphical Installation Wizard see <a href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/16/admin_manual/installation/installation_wizard.html" rel="nofollow">Installation wizard</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
      <guid>https://jwc.writeas.com/nextcloud-16-04-1-install-on-debian-9</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 21 Sep 2019 16:39:52 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nextcloud Docker Notes</title>
      <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/nextcloud-docker-notes?pk_campaign=rss-feed</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[Docker Tips | Docker github repo | nc Docker Hub | Docker Nextcloud doc |&#xA;qua GAE Docker notes&#xA;&#xA;docker start containerID | docker exec -it containerID bash |  &#xA;docker inspect container&#xA;docker exec -it nc:2 bash&#xA;docker exec container cat /var/log/dpkg.log&#xA;docker image ls -f &#34;dangling=true&#34;&#xA;docker history container&#xA;docker tag 994bdf6c863a ncssl:1 (rename imageID to name:tag)&#xA;docker inspect --format=&#39;{{.Id}} {{.Parent}}&#39; $(docker images --filter since=containerID -q) (find dependent child images)&#xA;nextcloud container official: php 7.3.9, Apache/2.4.38 (Debian); does not have ssh &#xA;Nextcloud Docker debian version is 10 (Buster): cat /etc/os-release&#xA;&#xA;/var/www/html  ls custom\apps&#xA;bruteforcesettings | carnet | files\markdown | files\rightclick | notes&#xA;&#xA;dpkg -l | grep sql&#xA;ii  libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3:amd64 1.6.1-4    Apache Portable Runtime Utility Library - SQLite3 Driver&#xA;ii  libsqlite3-0:amd64            3.27.2-3   SQLite 3 shared library&#xA;&#xA;status.php output: &#xA;{&#34;installed&#34;:true,&#34;maintenance&#34;:false,&#34;needsDbUpgrade&#34;:false,&#34;version&#34;:&#34;16.0.4.1&#34;,&#34;versionstring&#34;:&#34;16.0.4&#34;,&#34;edition&#34;:&#34;&#34;,&#34;productname&#34;:&#34;Nextcloud&#34;}&#xA;&#xA;Deploy Nextcloud thru Docker |  Guide to Docker Volumes |&#xA;&#xA;status.php output: &#xA;{&#34;installed&#34;:true,&#34;maintenance&#34;:false,&#34;needsDbUpgrade&#34;:false,&#34;version&#34;:&#34;16.0.4.1&#34;,&#34;versionstring&#34;:&#34;16.0.4&#34;,&#34;edition&#34;:&#34;&#34;,&#34;productname&#34;:&#34;Nextcloud&#34;}&#xA;__&#xA;Persistent data&#xA;The Nextcloud installation and all data beyond what lives in the database (file uploads, etc) is stored in the unnamed docker volume volume /var/www/html. The docker daemon will store that data within the docker directory /var/lib/docker/volumes/.... That means your data is saved even if the container crashes, is stopped or deleted.&#xA;&#xA;A named Docker volume or a mounted host directory should be used for upgrades and backups. To achieve this you need one volume for your database container and one for Nextcloud.&#xA;&#xA;/var/www/html/ folder where all Nextcloud data lives&#xA;&#xA;Overview of the folders that can be mounted as volumes:&#xA;&#xA;/var/www/html Main folder, needed for updating&#xA;/var/www/html/customapps installed / modified apps&#xA;/var/www/html/config local configuration&#xA;/var/www/html/data the actual data of your Nextcloud&#xA;/var/www/html/themes/YOUCUSTOMTHEME theming/branding&#xA;&#xA;env   &#xA;HOSTNAME=cd...  &#xA;PHPVERSION=7.3.9  &#xA;APACHECONFDIR=/etc/apache2  &#xA;PHPMD5=  &#xA;NEXTCLOUDVERSION=16.0.4  &#xA;PHPINIDIR=/usr/local/etc/php  &#xA;GPGKEYS=... ...  &#xA;PHPLDFLAGS=-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=both -pie  &#xA;PWD=/var/www/html  &#xA;HOME=/root  &#xA;PHPSHA256=...&#xA;PHPIZEDEPS=autoconf  dpkg-dev file g++  gcc  libc-dev  make  pkg-config  re2c  &#xA;TERM=xterm  &#xA;PHPURL=https://www.php.net/get/php-7.3.9.tar.xz/from/this/mirror  &#xA;PHPEXTRACONFIGUREARGS=--with-apxs2 --disable-cgi  &#xA;SHLVL=1  &#xA;PHPCFLAGS=-fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -O2  &#xA;APACHEENVVARS=/etc/apache2/envvars  &#xA;PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin  &#xA;PHPEXTRABUILDDEPS=apache2-dev  &#xA;PHPASCURL=https://www.php.net/get/php-7.3.9.tar.xz.asc/from/this/mirror  &#xA;PHPCPPFLAGS=-fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -O2  &#xA;=/usr/bin/env  &#xA;&#xA;Install Nextcloud with Docker on Debian 10 Buster | Nextcloud via Docker with nginx reverse proxy&#xA;_&#xA;&#xA;]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://jdevnotes.netlify.com/dockertips.html" rel="nofollow">Docker Tips</a> | <a href="https://github.com/nextcloud/docker" rel="nofollow">Docker github repo</a> | <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/nextcloud/" rel="nofollow">nc Docker Hub</a> | <a href="https://docs.docker.com/samples/library/nextcloud/" rel="nofollow">Docker Nextcloud doc</a> |
<a href="https://qua.name/scitech/gae-docker" rel="nofollow">qua GAE Docker notes</a></p>

<p><code>docker run -d -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -v $HOME/nextcloud:/var/www/html nextcloud
docker start &lt;containerID&gt; | docker exec -it &lt;containerID&gt; bash |  
docker inspect &lt;container&gt;
docker exec -it nc:2 bash
docker exec &lt;container&gt; cat /var/log/dpkg.log
docker image ls -f &#34;dangling=true&#34;
docker history &lt;container&gt;
docker tag 994bdf6c863a ncssl:1 (rename imageID to name:tag)
docker inspect --format=&#39;{{.Id}} {{.Parent}}&#39; $(docker images --filter since=&lt;containerID&gt; -q) (find dependent child images)</code></p>

<p>nextcloud container official: php 7.3.9, Apache/2.4.38 (Debian); does not have ssh
Nextcloud Docker debian version is 10 (Buster): cat /etc/os-release</p>

<p>/var/www/html  ls custom_apps
bruteforcesettings | carnet | files_markdown | files_rightclick | notes</p>

<p>dpkg -l | grep sql
ii  libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3:amd64 1.6.1-4    Apache Portable Runtime Utility Library – SQLite3 Driver
ii  libsqlite3-0:amd64            3.27.2-3   SQLite 3 shared library</p>

<p>status.php output:
{“installed”:true,“maintenance”:false,“needsDbUpgrade”:false,“version”:“16.0.4.1”,“versionstring”:“16.0.4”,“edition”:“”,“productname”:“Nextcloud”}</p>

<p><a href="https://blog.programster.org/deploy-nextcloud-through-docker" rel="nofollow">Deploy Nextcloud thru Docker</a> |  <a href="https://www.marksei.com/comprehensive-guide-docker-volumes/" rel="nofollow">Guide to Docker Volumes</a> |</p>

<p>status.php output:
{“installed”:true,“maintenance”:false,“needsDbUpgrade”:false,“version”:“16.0.4.1”,“versionstring”:“16.0.4”,“edition”:“”,“productname”:“Nextcloud”}
___
Persistent data
The Nextcloud installation and all data beyond what lives in the database (file uploads, etc) is stored in the unnamed docker volume volume /var/www/html. The docker daemon will store that data within the docker directory /var/lib/docker/volumes/.... That means your data is saved even if the container crashes, is stopped or deleted.</p>

<p>A named Docker volume or a mounted host directory should be used for upgrades and backups. To achieve this you need one volume for your database container and one for Nextcloud.</p>

<p>/var/www/html/ folder where all Nextcloud data lives</p>

<p><code>$ docker run -d -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -v nextcloud:/var/www/html nextcloud</code>
Overview of the folders that can be mounted as volumes:</p>
<ul><li><code>/var/www/html</code> Main folder, needed for updating</li>
<li><code>/var/www/html/custom_apps</code> installed / modified apps</li>
<li><code>/var/www/html/config</code> local configuration</li>
<li><code>/var/www/html/data</code> the actual data of your Nextcloud</li>
<li><code>/var/www/html/themes/&lt;YOU_CUSTOM_THEME&gt;</code> theming/branding</li></ul>

<pre><code># env   
HOSTNAME=cd...  
PHP_VERSION=7.3.9  
APACHE_CONFDIR=/etc/apache2  
PHP_MD5=  
NEXTCLOUD_VERSION=16.0.4  
PHP_INI_DIR=/usr/local/etc/php  
GPG_KEYS=... ...  
PHP_LDFLAGS=-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=both -pie  
PWD=/var/www/html  
HOME=/root  
PHP_SHA256=...
PHPIZE_DEPS=autoconf  dpkg-dev file g++  gcc  libc-dev  make  pkg-config  re2c  
TERM=xterm  
PHP_URL=https://www.php.net/get/php-7.3.9.tar.xz/from/this/mirror  
PHP_EXTRA_CONFIGURE_ARGS=--with-apxs2 --disable-cgi  
SHLVL=1  
PHP_CFLAGS=-fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -O2  
APACHE_ENVVARS=/etc/apache2/envvars  
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin  
PHP_EXTRA_BUILD_DEPS=apache2-dev  
PHP_ASC_URL=https://www.php.net/get/php-7.3.9.tar.xz.asc/from/this/mirror  
PHP_CPPFLAGS=-fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -O2  
_=/usr/bin/env  
</code></pre>

<p>___
<a href="http://www.tuxfixer.com/install-nextcloud-with-docker-on-debian-10-buster/" rel="nofollow">Install Nextcloud with Docker on Debian 10 Buster</a> | <a href="https://dennisnotes.com/note/20180831-nextcloud-docker-nginx-reverse-proxy/" rel="nofollow">Nextcloud via Docker with nginx reverse proxy</a>
___</p>
]]></content:encoded>
      <guid>https://jwc.writeas.com/nextcloud-docker-notes</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Sep 2019 23:06:46 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Notes</title>
      <link>https://jwc.writeas.com/notes?pk_campaign=rss-feed</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[Craigslist laptops | pbin notes |  daily.md cpad |&#xA;&#xA;Joplin Tips | to Joplin | Joplin |  medium review | to Joplin on linux | More on Joplin | Can sync to NextCloud |&#xA;Joplin-Web&#xA;&#xA;Use Hypothesis with write.as, cjeller post&#xA;&#xA;Public HedgeDoc (pka CodiMD) instances: Demo | Amolith | Snopyta | Caltlgin |&#xA;&#xA;Android 10 site | Windows 10 Power Toys now available |&#xA;&#xA;https://sturm.to  Thomas Sturm blog named Pacific Tides&#xA;https://jlelse.blog | personal sites page |&#xA;https://kevq.uk/&#xA;https://blog.privacytools.io/&#xA;https://observatory.mozilla.org/analyze/social.snopyta.org | https://securityheaders.com/ |&#xA;https://fossdaily.xyz/ | https://git.fossdaily.xyz/caltlgin | https://regulex.fossdaily.xyz/#!flags=&amp;re=%5E(a%7Cb)*%3F%24&#xA;&#xA;Cloudflare issues | source | HN thread on please add RSS to your site |&#xA;&#xA;https://www.zdnet.com/article/protect-yourself-how-to-choose-the-right-two-factor-authenticator-app/&#xA;&#xA;metaculus&#xA;&#xA;TLDR: the TRGB gives us another H0tTake!, astrobites&#xA;&#xA;Check out Robert Xu&#39;s glitch app and blog [link] !--more--&#xA;&#xA;Update J&#39;s page links with materials from KITP conference site and KITPH0tTakes twitter hashtag | &#xA;&#xA;Wikis: GitLab Wiki | GitLab markdown | Bitbucket wikis | ShoutWiki | Create a structured wiki | mediawiki hosting services |&#xA;Miraheze mediawiki instance: Encyclopedia of Buddhism | Astronomy | M87 |  Astrobiology |&#xA;Markdown based wikis: mdweb | mdwiki | &#xA;&#xA;Direct detection of the cosmic expansion: the redshift drift and the flux drift [1907.04495]&#xA;&#xA;Check on Verizon&#39;s free robocall blocker  &#xA;&#xA;https://sites.nationalacademies.org/DEPS/Astro2020/DEPS192906&#xA;There is an opportunity to submit an activity, project, or state of the profession consideration (APC) white paper to the Astro2020 Decadal Survey. Note that the APC white papers are distinct from the science-focused white papers that were due March 11, 2019. For activities and projects, the white paper should include key science goals and objectives, a technical overview, technology drivers, organizations or partnerships and current status, schedule, and cost estimates, as applicable. For state of the profession considerations, the white paper should include the key issue and an overview of its impact on the field, a strategic plan, organizations or partnerships and current status, schedule, and cost estimates, as applicable.&#xA;Bulletin of the AAS list with ADS Bibcode: https://baas.aas.org/community/astro2020-science-white-papers/&#xA;&#xA;snap.as upload photos&#xA;&#xA;HackMD info | HackMD recreation | snopyta HedgeDoc (pka CodiMD) note |  snopyta cloud note | nixnet cloud note |&#xA;&#xA;https://gizmodo.com/update-your-dell-laptop-now-to-fix-a-critical-security-1835732883&#xA;&#xA;Vera detective episodes rec Barbara G; Unforgotten &#xA;&#xA;Ed Bott protect your online identity, security tips&#xA;&#xA;https://libreho.st/ | https://talk.libreho.st/t/introductions-thread/29 | https://talk.libreho.st/g/network | https://snopyta.org/ |&#xA;&#xA;Meher Baba&#39;s Bernice Ivory | Loose Ends video |&#xA;&#xA;write.as API v1.9 &#xA;&#xA;Privacy Issue? GMail&#39;s usage log of all your purchases | &#xA;ghacks bleachbit | techspot bleachbit | bleachbit vs ccleaner |&#xA;&#xA;Lorna Byrne&#xA;&#xA;Markdown and Visual Studio Code, markdown editing with VS Code | Shift-Alt-F for JSON formatted view | Consider Pervane as alt to VS Code online |&#xA;MarkdownGuide.org&#xA;&#xA;David Albert: The Profound Violence of Time  The illusion that time moves and is distinct from space is a deep misconception about the natural world.&#xA;&#xA;See jazzwhiz answers here | his SEP recommended article | How Classical Particles Emerge from the Quantum World, by Dieks and Lubberdink | &#xA;&#xA;How to Backup Text Messages on Android without App  | Root Moto G, 3rd gen |&#xA;&#xA;LibreTexts QM)&#xA;&#xA;IMDb Freedive | Gilmore Girls on youtube |&#xA;&#xA;https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/03/29/66-million-year-old-deathbed-linked-to-dinosaur-killing-meteor/&#xA;&#xA;FinalCent: Here is imo the best starting point for someone with an academic level interest in interpretations. A good balance between detail/efficiency and all the different views: https://arxiv.org/abs/0712.0149 The Quantum Measurement Problem: State of Play, by David Wallace&#xA;&#xA;The post-determined block universe [1903.07078]&#xA;&#xA;NCAA tournament 2019: What to know about every team in the bracket &#xA;&#xA;Stickeen, by John Muir: Archive.org illustrated | Gutenberg &#xA;&#xA;USA Drought Monitor | NOAA western region climate data | &#xA;&#xA;ShowdownJS A Markdown to HTML bidirectional converter written in Javascript | Parsedown, PHP markdown parser | &#xA;&#xA;Reach for Markdown, not LaTeX, includes Pandoc starter and other LaTeX refs | Writing a Simple LaTeX document |&#xA;Beginner&#39;s Guide to MultiMarkdown&#xA;&#xA;CONVERTING TEXT FORMATS WITH PANDOC (Pandoc site) &#xA;One of my favorite tools is Pandoc. I use Pandoc when I need to convert one text format to another. One of the really useful things Pandoc can do is turn HTML or Markdown into EPUB format. I frequently do this in order to turn a set of notes into a file I can read using iBooks on my iPad. I do this in order to have an easily accessible set of notes for my workshops or to turn lengthy documentation into an easy to read offline format to read on an airplane.&#xA;Pandoc can convert from and to many different file formats. In addition to creating quick EPUB files, I also use it to convert copy from Word documents to Markdown or other useful formats. This can be very useful if you get some messy copy from a client that needs to be converted to enter into a CMS.&#xA;from: https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2018/07/text-editing-tips-tricks/&#xA;Also see: Converting html to markdown using pandoc&#xA;a href=&#34;https://www.howtogeek.com/678022/how-to-use-pandoc-to-convert-files-on-the-linux-command-line/&#34;How to Use pandoc to Convert Files on the Linux Command Line/a&#xA;&#xA;Scott Nesbitt&#39;s pinboard on plain text writing | Links page on The Plain Text Project | Tooling up for Plain Text Academic Writing in Markdown | &#xA;The Lazy Person’s Guide to Text Wrangling&#xA;&#xA;HTG: migrate from Evernote to OneNote | Epiphenie | to OneNote | to Zoho | to Standard Notes |  Issues with OneNote |&#xA;a href=&#34;https://www.bowlerdesign.tech/posts/how-to-completely-self-host-standard-notes/&#34;How to completely self host Standard Notes/a&#xA;&#xA;What could get more expensive due to tariffs&#xA;&#xA;Standard Notes reviews: TechRepublic | plaintextproject | Operational-Security | medium |&#xA;Plain text, no images, markup, or attachments in free version&#xA;&#xA;Moon phase php program: https://github.com/solarissmoke/php-moon-phase/blob/master/Solaris/MoonPhase.php&#xA;Successfully tested at http://phptester.net/&#xA;https://github.com/solarissmoke/php-moon-phase &#xA;&#xA;New Moon and Full Moon UTC times | local time data | Days calculator: # days between 2 dates |&#xA;&#xA;Heroic husky dog Nanook who saved injured and deaf hiker in Alaska&#xA;https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/husky-rescue-deaf-woman-alaska-1.4734018&#xA;https://www.cbsnews.com/news/husky-saves-deaf-hiker-on-alaska-trail-others-come-forward-saying-he-rescued-them-too/&#xA;https://www.sacbee.com/news/nation-world/national/article214165854.html&#xA;&#xA;Great comic humor&#xA;&#xA;Hashtags: #notes #followup]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://sfbay.craigslist.org/search/eby/sss?query=laptop&amp;excats=5-15-22-2-24-1-4-19-1-1-1-2-1-3-6-10-1-1-1-2-2-8-1-1-1-1-1-4-1-3-1-3-1-1-1-1-7-1-1-1-1-1-3-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-3-1-1-1-1-1-2-1&amp;sort=rel&amp;nh=49&amp;nh=51&amp;nh=52&amp;nh=53&amp;nh=57&amp;nh=64&amp;nh=69&amp;min_price=100" rel="nofollow">Craigslist laptops</a> | <a href="https://18941969.xyz/privatebin/?488041dd662af14f#736yFNNa6Q4q14CFVuNrDUvrWsZo1M6fmgrjJHTz3qZu" rel="nofollow">pbin notes</a> |  <a href="https://cryptpad.fr/code/#/2/code/view/4NUtbSO93d3-nATqB1Q3M9VITvswJ-a7sW7C9jrDMgY/p/" rel="nofollow">daily.md cpad</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://rentry.co/joplintips" rel="nofollow">Joplin Tips</a> | <a href="https://opensource.com/article/17/12/joplin-open-source-evernote-alternative" rel="nofollow">to Joplin</a> | <a href="https://joplin.cozic.net/" rel="nofollow">Joplin</a> |  <a href="https://medium.com/@WriterLionel/safer-note-taking-tools-for-family-use-85780aaeb4c1" rel="nofollow">medium review</a> | <a href="https://openschoolsolutions.org/joplin-open-source-evernote-alternative/" rel="nofollow">to Joplin on linux</a> | <a href="https://zblesk.net/blog/leaving-evernote-for-joplin/" rel="nofollow">More on Joplin</a> | Can sync to NextCloud |
<a href="https://github.com/foxmask/joplin-web" rel="nofollow">Joplin-Web</a></p>

<p>Use Hypothesis with write.as, cjeller post</p>

<p>Public HedgeDoc (pka CodiMD) instances: <a href="https://demo.codimd.org" rel="nofollow">Demo</a> | <a href="https://pad.nixnet.services" rel="nofollow">Amolith</a> | <a href="https://pad.snopyta.org" rel="nofollow">Snopyta</a> | <a href="https://md.fossdaily.xyz" rel="nofollow">Caltlgin</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://www.android.com/android-10/" rel="nofollow">Android 10 site</a> | <a href="https://www.howtogeek.com/439749/free-download-microsofts-powertoys-for-windows-10/" rel="nofollow">Windows 10 Power Toys now available</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://sturm.to" rel="nofollow">https://sturm.to</a>  Thomas Sturm blog named Pacific Tides
<a href="https://jlelse.blog" rel="nofollow">https://jlelse.blog</a> | <a href="https://personalsit.es/" rel="nofollow">personal sites page</a> |
<a href="https://kevq.uk/" rel="nofollow">https://kevq.uk/</a>
<a href="https://blog.privacytools.io/" rel="nofollow">https://blog.privacytools.io/</a>
<a href="https://observatory.mozilla.org/analyze/social.snopyta.org" rel="nofollow">https://observatory.mozilla.org/analyze/social.snopyta.org</a> | <a href="https://securityheaders.com/" rel="nofollow">https://securityheaders.com/</a> |
<a href="https://fossdaily.xyz/" rel="nofollow">https://fossdaily.xyz/</a> | <a href="https://git.fossdaily.xyz/caltlgin" rel="nofollow">https://git.fossdaily.xyz/caltlgin</a> | <a href="https://regulex.fossdaily.xyz/#!flags=&amp;re=%5E(a%7Cb)*%3F%24" rel="nofollow">https://regulex.fossdaily.xyz/#!flags=&amp;re=%5E(a%7Cb)*%3F%24</a></p>

<p><a href="https://notabug.org/themusicgod1/cloudflare-tor" rel="nofollow">Cloudflare issues</a> | <a href="https://scicomm.xyz/web/statuses/102694196796665319" rel="nofollow">source</a> | <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20813021" rel="nofollow">HN thread on please add RSS to your site</a> |</p>

<p><strong><a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/protect-yourself-how-to-choose-the-right-two-factor-authenticator-app/" rel="nofollow">https://www.zdnet.com/article/protect-yourself-how-to-choose-the-right-two-factor-authenticator-app/</a></strong></p>

<p><a href="https://www.metaculus.com/questions/" rel="nofollow">metaculus</a></p>

<p><a href="https://astrobites.org/2019/07/25/tldr-the-trgb-gives-us-another-h0ttake/" rel="nofollow">TLDR: the TRGB gives us another H0tTake!, astrobites</a></p>

<p>Check out Robert Xu&#39;s glitch app and blog <a href="https://discuss.write.as/t/share-what-you-are-working-on-and-using/401/31?u=bugbuster" rel="nofollow">[link]</a> </p>

<p>Update J&#39;s page links with materials from <a href="https://www.kitp.ucsb.edu/activities/enervac-c19#day" rel="nofollow">KITP conference site</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/KITP_H0tTakes?src=hash" rel="nofollow">KITP_H0tTakes twitter hashtag</a> |</p>

<p>Wikis: <a href="https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/wiki/" rel="nofollow">GitLab Wiki</a> | <a href="https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/markdown.html#wiki-specific-markdown" rel="nofollow">GitLab markdown</a> | <a href="https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucket/wikis-221449748.html" rel="nofollow">Bitbucket wikis</a> | <a href="http://www.shoutwiki.com/wiki/Main_Page" rel="nofollow">ShoutWiki</a> | <a href="https://openclassrooms.com/en/courses/3975796-contribute-to-open-source-on-github/3985026-create-a-structured-wiki" rel="nofollow">Create a structured wiki</a> | <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Hosting_services" rel="nofollow">mediawiki hosting services</a> |
<a href="https://meta.miraheze.org/wiki/Miraheze" rel="nofollow">Miraheze</a> <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" rel="nofollow">mediawiki</a> instance: <a href="https://encyclopediaofbuddhism.org/wiki/Main_Page" rel="nofollow">Encyclopedia of Buddhism</a> | <a href="https://thesciencearchives.m.miraheze.org/wiki/Astronomy" rel="nofollow">Astronomy</a> | <a href="https://thesciencearchives.m.miraheze.org/wiki/Messier_87" rel="nofollow">M87</a> |  <a href="https://astrobiology.miraheze.org/wiki/Main_Page" rel="nofollow">Astrobiology</a> |
Markdown based wikis: <a href="https://umecsch.github.io/mdweb/" rel="nofollow">mdweb</a> | <a href="https://dynalon.github.io/mdwiki/#!index.md" rel="nofollow">mdwiki</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04495" rel="nofollow">Direct detection of the cosmic expansion: the redshift drift and the flux drift [1907.04495]</a></p>

<p>Check on Verizon&#39;s free robocall blocker</p>

<p><a href="https://sites.nationalacademies.org/DEPS/Astro2020/DEPS_192906" rel="nofollow">https://sites.nationalacademies.org/DEPS/Astro2020/DEPS_192906</a>
There is an opportunity to submit an activity, project, or state of the profession consideration (APC) white paper to the Astro2020 Decadal Survey. Note that the APC white papers are distinct from the science-focused white papers that were due March 11, 2019. For activities and projects, the white paper should include key science goals and objectives, a technical overview, technology drivers, organizations or partnerships and current status, schedule, and cost estimates, as applicable. For state of the profession considerations, the white paper should include the key issue and an overview of its impact on the field, a strategic plan, organizations or partnerships and current status, schedule, and cost estimates, as applicable.
Bulletin of the AAS list with ADS Bibcode: <a href="https://baas.aas.org/community/astro2020-science-white-papers/" rel="nofollow">https://baas.aas.org/community/astro2020-science-white-papers/</a></p>

<p><a href="https://snap.as/login?to=/upload" rel="nofollow">snap.as upload photos</a></p>

<p><a href="https://hackmd.io/Kml8E5uURrGpTR2LNifyzA?both" rel="nofollow">HackMD info</a> | <a href="https://hackmd.io/8xCZ_JtPT2yGMZxBjv75wA?both" rel="nofollow">HackMD recreation</a> | <a href="https://pad.snopyta.org/s/ry2ClGdkH" rel="nofollow">snopyta HedgeDoc (pka CodiMD) note</a> |  <a href="https://cloud.snopyta.org/s/26bDT3RFXsyJQTH" rel="nofollow">snopyta cloud note</a> | <a href="https://cloud.nixnet.xyz/s/gjZ4b2L9Msr2eCp" rel="nofollow">nixnet cloud note</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://gizmodo.com/update-your-dell-laptop-now-to-fix-a-critical-security-1835732883" rel="nofollow">https://gizmodo.com/update-your-dell-laptop-now-to-fix-a-critical-security-1835732883</a></p>

<p>Vera detective episodes rec Barbara G; Unforgotten</p>

<p><a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/protect-your-online-identity-now-fight-hackers-with-these-5-security-precautions/" rel="nofollow">Ed Bott protect your online identity, security tips</a></p>

<p><a href="https://libreho.st/" rel="nofollow">https://libreho.st/</a> | <a href="https://talk.libreho.st/t/introductions-thread/29" rel="nofollow">https://talk.libreho.st/t/introductions-thread/29</a> | <a href="https://talk.libreho.st/g/network" rel="nofollow">https://talk.libreho.st/g/network</a> | <strong><a href="https://snopyta.org/" rel="nofollow">https://snopyta.org/</a></strong> |</p>

<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6qzFlq8BpM" rel="nofollow">Meher Baba&#39;s Bernice Ivory</a> | <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOep3ziCP2Y" rel="nofollow">Loose Ends video</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://github.com/cjeller1592/WriteasAPI" rel="nofollow">write.as API v1.9</a></p>

<p>Privacy Issue? <a href="https://www.engadget.com/2019/05/17/gmail-purchase-tracking-privacy/" rel="nofollow">GMail&#39;s usage log of all your purchases</a> |
<a href="https://www.ghacks.net/2019/03/20/bleachbit-2-2-released-https-everywhere-and-more/" rel="nofollow">ghacks bleachbit</a> | <a href="https://www.techspot.com/article/1677-ccleaner-alternatives/" rel="nofollow">techspot bleachbit</a> | <a href="https://digitalguyde.com/bleachbit-vs-ccleaner-which-will-you-prefer/" rel="nofollow">bleachbit vs ccleaner</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=lorna+byrne+angels" rel="nofollow">Lorna Byrne</a></p>

<p><a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/languages/markdown" rel="nofollow">Markdown and Visual Studio Code</a>, markdown editing with VS Code | Shift-Alt-F for JSON formatted view | <a href="https://github.com/hakanu/pervane" rel="nofollow">Consider Pervane as alt to VS Code online</a> |
<a href="https://www.markdownguide.org/" rel="nofollow">MarkdownGuide.org</a></p>

<p><a href="https://bigthink.com/videos/the-profound-violence-of-time" rel="nofollow">David Albert: The Profound Violence of Time</a>  The illusion that time moves and is distinct from space is a deep misconception about the natural world.</p>

<p>See jazzwhiz answers <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Physics/comments/bb7r23/physics_questions_thread_week_14_2019/" rel="nofollow">here</a> | <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/quantum-field-theory/#Field" rel="nofollow">his SEP recommended article</a> | <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.2544" rel="nofollow">How Classical Particles Emerge from the Quantum World, by Dieks and Lubberdink</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://www.tunesbro.com/backup-android-text-messages.html#part3" rel="nofollow">How to Backup Text Messages on Android without App</a>  | <a href="https://www.geekdashboard.com/how-to-root-moto-g-2015-3rd-gen/" rel="nofollow">Root Moto G, 3rd gen</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Quantum_Mechanics/Book%3A_Introductory_Quantum_Mechanics_(Fitzpatrick)" rel="nofollow">LibreTexts QM</a></p>

<p><a href="https://www.imdb.com/freedive/" rel="nofollow">IMDb Freedive</a> | <a href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=girlmore+girls+full+episode" rel="nofollow">Gilmore Girls on youtube</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/03/29/66-million-year-old-deathbed-linked-to-dinosaur-killing-meteor/" rel="nofollow">https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/03/29/66-million-year-old-deathbed-linked-to-dinosaur-killing-meteor/</a></p>

<p>FinalCent: Here is imo the best starting point for someone with an academic level interest in interpretations. A good balance between detail/efficiency and all the different views: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0712.0149" rel="nofollow">https://arxiv.org/abs/0712.0149</a> The Quantum Measurement Problem: State of Play, by David Wallace</p>

<p><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.07078" rel="nofollow">The post-determined block universe [1903.07078]</a></p>

<p><a href="http://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/26281956/know-every-team-bracket" rel="nofollow">NCAA tournament 2019: What to know about every team in the bracket</a></p>

<p>Stickeen, by John Muir: <a href="https://archive.org/details/stickeen00trac" rel="nofollow">Archive.org illustrated</a> | <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11673?msg=welcome_stranger" rel="nofollow">Gutenberg</a></p>

<p><a href="https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/" rel="nofollow">USA Drought Monitor</a> | <a href="https://wrcc.dri.edu/" rel="nofollow">NOAA western region climate data</a> |</p>

<p><a href="http://showdownjs.com/" rel="nofollow">ShowdownJS</a> A Markdown to HTML bidirectional converter written in Javascript | <a href="https://github.com/erusev/parsedown" rel="nofollow">Parsedown, PHP markdown parser</a> |</p>

<p><a href="https://blog.jez.io/reach-for-markdown/" rel="nofollow">Reach for Markdown, not LaTeX</a>, includes Pandoc starter and other LaTeX refs | <a href="http://www.electronics.oulu.fi/latex/examples/example_1/" rel="nofollow">Writing a Simple LaTeX document</a> |
<a href="https://michaelhyatt.com/multimarkdown/" rel="nofollow">Beginner&#39;s Guide to MultiMarkdown</a></p>

<p>CONVERTING TEXT FORMATS WITH PANDOC (<a href="https://pandoc.org/getting-started.html" rel="nofollow">Pandoc site</a>)
One of my favorite tools is Pandoc. I use Pandoc when I need to convert one text format to another. One of the really useful things Pandoc can do is turn HTML or Markdown into EPUB format. I frequently do this in order to turn a set of notes into a file I can read using iBooks on my iPad. I do this in order to have an easily accessible set of notes for my workshops or to turn lengthy documentation into an easy to read offline format to read on an airplane.
Pandoc can convert from and to many different file formats. In addition to creating quick EPUB files, I also use it to convert copy from Word documents to Markdown or other useful formats. This can be very useful if you get some messy copy from a client that needs to be converted to enter into a CMS.
from: <a href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2018/07/text-editing-tips-tricks/" rel="nofollow">https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2018/07/text-editing-tips-tricks/</a>
Also see: <a href="http://www.cantoni.org/2019/01/27/converting-html-markdown-using-pandoc" rel="nofollow">Converting html to markdown using pandoc</a>
<a href="https://www.howtogeek.com/678022/how-to-use-pandoc-to-convert-files-on-the-linux-command-line/" rel="nofollow">How to Use pandoc to Convert Files on the Linux Command Line</a></p>

<p><a href="https://pinboard.in/u:scottwnesbitt/t:plain-text" rel="nofollow">Scott Nesbitt&#39;s pinboard on plain text writing</a> | <a href="https://plaintextproject.online/links.html" rel="nofollow">Links page on The Plain Text Project</a> | <a href="http://www.ericmjl.com/blog/2016/6/22/tooling-up-for-plain-text-academic-writing-in-markdown/" rel="nofollow">Tooling up for Plain Text Academic Writing in Markdown</a> |
<a href="https://storyneedle.com/the-lazy-persons-guide-to-text-wrangling/" rel="nofollow">The Lazy Person’s Guide to Text Wrangling</a></p>

<p><a href="https://www.howtogeek.com/227719/how-to-convert-from-evernote-to-onenote/" rel="nofollow">HTG: migrate from Evernote to OneNote</a> | <a href="http://epiphenie.com/migrate-from-evernote-to-onenote/" rel="nofollow">Epiphenie</a> | <a href="https://www.bettertechtips.com/how-to/migrate-evernote-onenote/" rel="nofollow">to OneNote</a> | <a href="https://help.zoho.com/portal/kb/articles/how-do-i-migrate-notes-from-evernote" rel="nofollow">to Zoho</a> | <a href="https://dashboard.standardnotes.org/tools" rel="nofollow">to Standard Notes</a> |  <a href="https://www.cravingtech.com/migrating-from-evernote-to-onenote-i-dont-like-it.html" rel="nofollow">Issues with OneNote</a> |
<a href="https://www.bowlerdesign.tech/posts/how-to-completely-self-host-standard-notes/" rel="nofollow">How to completely self host Standard Notes</a></p>

<p><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/25/with-trumps-250-billion-in-china-tariffs-heres-what-will-cost-more.html" rel="nofollow">What could get more expensive due to tariffs</a></p>

<p>Standard Notes reviews: <a href="https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-get-private-encrypted-notes-with-standard-notes/" rel="nofollow">TechRepublic</a> | <a href="https://plaintextproject.online/2018/03/01/standard.html" rel="nofollow">plaintextproject</a> | <a href="https://operational-security.com/encrypt-thoughts-standard-notes/" rel="nofollow">Operational-Security</a> | <a href="https://medium.com/@WriterLionel/safer-note-taking-tools-for-family-use-85780aaeb4c1" rel="nofollow">medium</a> |
Plain text, no images, markup, or attachments in free version</p>

<p>Moon phase php program: <a href="https://github.com/solarissmoke/php-moon-phase/blob/master/Solaris/MoonPhase.php" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/solarissmoke/php-moon-phase/blob/master/Solaris/MoonPhase.php</a>
Successfully tested at <a href="http://phptester.net/" rel="nofollow">http://phptester.net/</a>
<a href="https://github.com/solarissmoke/php-moon-phase" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/solarissmoke/php-moon-phase</a></p>

<p><a href="https://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/pacalc.html" rel="nofollow">New Moon and Full Moon UTC times</a> | <a href="https://www.timeanddate.com/moon/phases" rel="nofollow">local time data</a> | <a href="https://www.timeanddate.com/date/durationresult.html?m1=09&amp;d1=09&amp;y1=2018&amp;m2=09&amp;d2=12&amp;y2=2018&amp;h1=11&amp;i1=01&amp;s1=&amp;h2=18&amp;i2=20&amp;s2=" rel="nofollow">Days calculator: # days between 2 dates</a> |</p>

<p>Heroic husky dog Nanook who saved injured and deaf hiker in Alaska
<a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/husky-rescue-deaf-woman-alaska-1.4734018" rel="nofollow">https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/husky-rescue-deaf-woman-alaska-1.4734018</a>
<a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/husky-saves-deaf-hiker-on-alaska-trail-others-come-forward-saying-he-rescued-them-too/" rel="nofollow">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/husky-saves-deaf-hiker-on-alaska-trail-others-come-forward-saying-he-rescued-them-too/</a>
<a href="https://www.sacbee.com/news/nation-world/national/article214165854.html" rel="nofollow">https://www.sacbee.com/news/nation-world/national/article214165854.html</a></p>

<p><img src="https://storage.gra5.cloud.ovh.net/v1/AUTH_011f6e315d3744d498d93f6fa0d9b5ee/qotoorg/media_attachments/files/003/045/528/original/6512baba3398e1d2.jpg" alt="Great comic humor"/></p>

<p>Hashtags: <a href="https://jwc.writeas.com/tag:notes" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">notes</span></a> <a href="https://jwc.writeas.com/tag:followup" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">followup</span></a></p>
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      <guid>https://jwc.writeas.com/notes</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Aug 2019 04:25:46 +0000</pubDate>
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